Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection classification: Difference between revisions
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
A common classification system for total anomalous venous connection (TAPVC) is as the following: | A common classification system for total anomalous venous connection (TAPVC) is as the following:<ref name="AlamHamidi2016">{{cite journal|last1=Alam|first1=Tariq|last2=Hamidi|first2=Hidayatullah|last3=Hoshang|first3=Mer Mahmood Shah|title=Computed tomography features of supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in an infant|journal=Radiology Case Reports|volume=11|issue=3|year=2016|pages=134–137|issn=19300433|doi=10.1016/j.radcr.2016.04.005}}</ref><ref name="HinesHammon2001">{{cite journal|last1=Hines|first1=Michael H.|last2=Hammon|first2=John W.|title=Anatomy of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection|journal=Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery|volume=6|issue=1|year=2001|pages=2–7|issn=15222942|doi=10.1053/otct.2001.22696}}</ref> | ||
* Supracardiac (approximately 50%): [[pulmonary veins]] form a transverse confluence just behind small [[left atrium]]. This confluence drains into the remnant of the left cardinal vein, then into the left innominate vein, finally flows into the [[right atrium]]. | * Supracardiac (type I) (approximately 50%): [[pulmonary veins]] form a transverse confluence just behind small [[left atrium]]. This confluence drains into the remnant of the left cardinal vein, then into the left innominate vein, finally flows into the [[right atrium]]. | ||
* [[Cardiac]] (approximately 25%): the common [[pulmonary vein]]] drains into the [[coronary]] sinus or rarely the individual [[pulmonary]] veins connect directly into the [[right atrium]]. | * [[Cardiac]] (type II) (approximately 25%): the common [[pulmonary vein]]] drains into the [[coronary]] sinus or rarely the individual [[pulmonary]] veins connect directly into the [[right atrium]]. | ||
* Infracardiac (approximately 25%): the common [[pulmonary vein]] drains through the diaphragm into the [[portal vein]] or [[ductus venosus]] via a descending vertical vein | * Infracardiac (type III) (approximately 25%): the common [[pulmonary vein]] drains through the diaphragm into the [[portal vein]] or [[ductus venosus]] via a descending vertical vein | ||
* Mixed: the right and left pulmonary veins may have different drainages. Any combination of drainage may occur into superior vena cava, innominate veins, coronary sinus, RA, azygous vein, or infra diaphragmatic veins. | * Mixed (type IV): the right and left [[pulmonary veins]] may have different drainages. Any combination of drainage may occur into [[superior vena cava]], innominate veins, [[coronary sinus]], RA, [[azygous]] vein, or infra diaphragmatic veins. | ||
===Image=== | ===Image=== | ||
[[File:Total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-illustration.png|thumb|center|500px|<ref> Case courtesy of Dr Vincent Tatco, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 51911</ref>]] | [[File:Total-anomalous-pulmonary-venous-return-illustration.png|thumb|center|500px|<ref> Case courtesy of Dr Vincent Tatco, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 51911</ref>]] | ||
Another system classifies TAPVC into two types | Another system classifies TAPVC into two types depending on the obstruction of pulmonary veins. | ||
* | * Pulmonary vein obstruction occurs more commonly in type III. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
Revision as of 21:11, 27 February 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Classification
A common classification system for total anomalous venous connection (TAPVC) is as the following:[1][2]
- Supracardiac (type I) (approximately 50%): pulmonary veins form a transverse confluence just behind small left atrium. This confluence drains into the remnant of the left cardinal vein, then into the left innominate vein, finally flows into the right atrium.
- Cardiac (type II) (approximately 25%): the common pulmonary vein] drains into the coronary sinus or rarely the individual pulmonary veins connect directly into the right atrium.
- Infracardiac (type III) (approximately 25%): the common pulmonary vein drains through the diaphragm into the portal vein or ductus venosus via a descending vertical vein
- Mixed (type IV): the right and left pulmonary veins may have different drainages. Any combination of drainage may occur into superior vena cava, innominate veins, coronary sinus, RA, azygous vein, or infra diaphragmatic veins.
Image
Another system classifies TAPVC into two types depending on the obstruction of pulmonary veins.
- Pulmonary vein obstruction occurs more commonly in type III.
References
- ↑ Alam, Tariq; Hamidi, Hidayatullah; Hoshang, Mer Mahmood Shah (2016). "Computed tomography features of supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in an infant". Radiology Case Reports. 11 (3): 134–137. doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2016.04.005. ISSN 1930-0433.
- ↑ Hines, Michael H.; Hammon, John W. (2001). "Anatomy of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection". Operative Techniques in Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 6 (1): 2–7. doi:10.1053/otct.2001.22696. ISSN 1522-2942.
- ↑ Case courtesy of Dr Vincent Tatco, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 51911