Fournier gangrene causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Causes== | |||
Fournier gangrene is caused by mixed [[aerobic]] and [[anaerobic]] organisms which normally exist below the [[pelvic diaphragm]] in the [[perineum]] and [[genitalia]].<ref name="pmid10848848">{{cite journal| author=Eke N| title=Fournier's gangrene: a review of 1726 cases. | journal=Br J Surg | year= 2000 | volume= 87 | issue= 6 | pages= 718-28 | pmid=10848848 | doi=10.1046/j.1365-2168.2000.01497.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10848848 }} </ref> Fournier gangrene may be caused by the following organisms:<ref>{{cite journal |author=Thwaini A, Khan A, Malik A, Cherian J, Barua J, Shergill I, Mammen K |title=Fournier's gangrene and its emergency management |journal=Postgrad Med J |volume=82 |issue=970 |pages=516-9 |year=2006 |id=PMID 16891442}}</ref> | |||
===Bacteria=== | |||
'''Aerobic organisms''' | |||
Most common aerobic organisms are:<ref name="pmid1736475">{{cite journal| author=Paty R, Smith AD| title=Gangrene and Fournier's gangrene. | journal=Urol Clin North Am | year= 1992 | volume= 19 | issue= 1 | pages= 149-62 | pmid=1736475 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1736475 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Streptococcus|''Group A streptococcus'']] | |||
*[[Escherichia coli]] | |||
*[[Klebsiella pneumoniae]] | |||
*[[Staphylococcus aureus]] | |||
'''Anaerobic organisms''' | |||
Most common anaerobic organisms are: | |||
*[[Bacteroides fragilis]] | |||
===Other organisms=== | |||
*[[Streptococcus]] | |||
*[[Enterococcus]] | |||
*[[Corynebacterium]]<ref name="pmid16927060">{{cite journal| author=Yanar H, Taviloglu K, Ertekin C, Guloglu R, Zorba U, Cabioglu N et al.| title=Fournier's gangrene: risk factors and strategies for management. | journal=World J Surg | year= 2006 | volume= 30 | issue= 9 | pages= 1750-4 | pmid=16927060 | doi=10.1007/s00268-005-0777-3 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16927060 }} </ref> | |||
*[[Clostridium]] | |||
*[[Pseudomonas]] | |||
*[[Proteus|proteus species]] | |||
*''[[Candida]]'' species<ref name="pmid20574621">{{cite journal| author=Jensen P, Zachariae C, Grønhøj Larsen F| title=Necrotizing soft tissue infection of the glans penis due to atypical Candida species complicated with Fournier's gangrene. | journal=Acta Derm Venereol | year= 2010 | volume= 90 | issue= 4 | pages= 431-2 | pmid=20574621 | doi=10.2340/00015555-0847 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20574621 }} </ref> | |||
*''[[Lactobacillus|Lactobacillus gasseri]]''<ref name="pmid15307582">{{cite journal| author=Tleyjeh IM, Routh J, Qutub MO, Lischer G, Liang KV, Baddour LM| title=Lactobacillus gasseri causing Fournier's gangrene. | journal=Scand J Infect Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 36 | issue= 6-7 | pages= 501-3 | pmid=15307582 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15307582 }} </ref> | |||
===Idiopathic=== | |||
Less than quarter of cases of Fournier gangrene are [[idiopathic]].<ref name="pmid9523650">{{cite journal| author=Smith GL, Bunker CB, Dinneen MD| title=Fournier's gangrene. | journal=Br J Urol | year= 1998 | volume= 81 | issue= 3 | pages= 347-55 | pmid=9523650 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9523650 }} </ref><ref name="pmid10584624">{{cite journal| author=Vick R, Carson CC| title=Fournier's disease. | journal=Urol Clin North Am | year= 1999 | volume= 26 | issue= 4 | pages= 841-9 | pmid=10584624 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=10584624 }} </ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} |
Revision as of 19:53, 6 September 2017
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Steven C. Campbell, M.D., Ph.D.; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[1]; Jesus Rosario Hernandez, M.D. [2]
Overview
Causes
Fournier gangrene is caused by mixed aerobic and anaerobic organisms which normally exist below the pelvic diaphragm in the perineum and genitalia.[1] Fournier gangrene may be caused by the following organisms:[2]
Bacteria
Aerobic organisms
Most common aerobic organisms are:[3]
Anaerobic organisms
Most common anaerobic organisms are:
Other organisms
- Streptococcus
- Enterococcus
- Corynebacterium[4]
- Clostridium
- Pseudomonas
- proteus species
- Candida species[5]
- Lactobacillus gasseri[6]
Idiopathic
Less than quarter of cases of Fournier gangrene are idiopathic.[7][8]
References
- ↑ Eke N (2000). "Fournier's gangrene: a review of 1726 cases". Br J Surg. 87 (6): 718–28. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2168.2000.01497.x. PMID 10848848.
- ↑ Thwaini A, Khan A, Malik A, Cherian J, Barua J, Shergill I, Mammen K (2006). "Fournier's gangrene and its emergency management". Postgrad Med J. 82 (970): 516–9. PMID 16891442.
- ↑ Paty R, Smith AD (1992). "Gangrene and Fournier's gangrene". Urol Clin North Am. 19 (1): 149–62. PMID 1736475.
- ↑ Yanar H, Taviloglu K, Ertekin C, Guloglu R, Zorba U, Cabioglu N; et al. (2006). "Fournier's gangrene: risk factors and strategies for management". World J Surg. 30 (9): 1750–4. doi:10.1007/s00268-005-0777-3. PMID 16927060.
- ↑ Jensen P, Zachariae C, Grønhøj Larsen F (2010). "Necrotizing soft tissue infection of the glans penis due to atypical Candida species complicated with Fournier's gangrene". Acta Derm Venereol. 90 (4): 431–2. doi:10.2340/00015555-0847. PMID 20574621.
- ↑ Tleyjeh IM, Routh J, Qutub MO, Lischer G, Liang KV, Baddour LM (2004). "Lactobacillus gasseri causing Fournier's gangrene". Scand J Infect Dis. 36 (6–7): 501–3. PMID 15307582.
- ↑ Smith GL, Bunker CB, Dinneen MD (1998). "Fournier's gangrene". Br J Urol. 81 (3): 347–55. PMID 9523650.
- ↑ Vick R, Carson CC (1999). "Fournier's disease". Urol Clin North Am. 26 (4): 841–9. PMID 10584624.