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*Sperm
*Sperm


===Urine Culture==
===Urine Culture===
*Fungi
*Fungi
*Bacteria
*Bacteria

Revision as of 17:13, 6 April 2015


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Urinary Findings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Quality (Composition)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Quantity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Urinalysis
 
 
 
Urine culture
 
 
 
 
 
Urine output
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
High urine output
 
 
 
Low urine output
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Specific gravity/osmolality
 
Urinary pH
 
Hematuria
 
Pyuria
 
Proteinuria
 
Cells
 
Casts and Crystals
 
Other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Polyuria
 
Oliguria
 
Anuria
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Urine Composition (Quality)

Specific Gravity/Osmolality

  • Concentrated
  • Dilute

Urinary pH

Hematuria

  • Microscopic hematuria
  • Gross hematuria

Pyuria

  • Microscopic pyuria
  • Gross pyuria

Proteinuria

Albuminuria

  • Microalbuminuria
  • Macroalbuminuria

Paraproteinuria

Cells

  • Benign
  • Malignant

Casts and Crystals

Acellular casts

  • Hyaline casts
  • Granular casts
  • Waxy casts
  • Fatty casts
  • Pigment casts
  • Crystal casts

Cellular casts

  • RBC casts
  • WBC casts
  • Bacterial casts
  • Epithelial cell casts

Crystals

  • Struvite crystals (magnesium-ammonium-phosphate)
  • Bilirubin crystals
  • Calcium carbonate crystals
  • Amorphous crystals
  • Calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals
  • Cystine crystals

Other

  • Myoglobinuria
  • Glucosuria
  • Ketonuria
  • Catecholamines
  • Bacterial antigens
  • Sperm

Urine Culture

  • Fungi
  • Bacteria

Urine Quantity

High Output

  • Polyuria

Low Output

  • Oliguria
  • Anuria






Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.

Overview

This section provides a short and straight to the point overview of the disease or symptom. The first sentence of the overview must contain the name of the disease.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation

A Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation (FIRE) should be performed to identify patients in need of immediate intervention.[1]
Boxes in red signify that an urgent management is needed.

Abbreviations: AVR: Aortic valve replacement; BP Blood Pressure, CCU: Coronary care unit; CHF: Congestive cardiac failure; CXR: Chest X-ray; EKG: Electrocardiogram; MI: Myocardial infarction; OR: Operating room; TAVR: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement; TEE: Transesophageal echocardiogram; TTE: Transthoracic echocardiogram; HEENT: Head eye ear nose throat
Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the approach to abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Treatment

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the treatment of [[disease name]] according the the [...] guidelines.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Do's

  • The content in this section is in bullet points.

Don'ts

  • The content in this section is in bullet points.

References

  1. "http://www.cdemcurriculum.org/ssm/cardiovascular/cv_tad.php". External link in |title= (help)


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