Metabolic syndrome epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
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{{Metabolic syndrome}}
{{Metabolic syndrome}}
 
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]


==Overview==
==Overview==
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome varies depending on the age and ethnicity of the population studied. But over the past few decades prevalence has increased many fold. It is higher in western countries, with increasing ages and in certain races like Mexican-Americans and African-Americans.
The [[prevalence]] of metabolic syndrome varies depending on the age and ethnicity of the population studied. But over the past few decades [[prevalence]] has increased many folds. It is higher in western countries, with advanced age and in certain races like Mexican Americans and African Americans.


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===United States===
===United States===
# According to a 1999-2000 survey, prevalence of [[metabolic syndrome]] among adults aged 20 years or older was found to be 32% compared to 27% in a survey done during year 1988-1994 <ref name="pmid15451914">{{cite journal| author=Ford ES, Giles WH, Mokdad AH| title=Increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among u.s. Adults. | journal=Diabetes Care | year= 2004 | volume= 27 | issue= 10 | pages= 2444-9 | pmid=15451914 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15451914  }} </ref>.
* According to a 1999 - 2000 survey, [[prevalence]] of metabolic syndrome among adults aged 20 years or older was found to be 32,000 per 100,000 compared to 22,000 per 100,000 in a survey done during year 1988 - 1994 <ref name="pmid15451914">{{cite journal| author=Ford ES, Giles WH, Mokdad AH| title=Increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among u.s. Adults. | journal=Diabetes Care | year= 2004 | volume= 27 | issue= 10 | pages= 2444-9 | pmid=15451914 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15451914  }} </ref>.
# There is a constant increase in prevalence of metabolic syndrome and more than 25% of US population meets the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome.
* There is a constant increase in [[prevalence]] of metabolic syndrome and more than 25% of US population meets the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome.


===International===
===International===
# The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is approximately 25% in European and Latin American countries <ref name="pmid18174459">{{cite journal| author=Grundy SM| title=Metabolic syndrome pandemic. | journal=Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol | year= 2008 | volume= 28 | issue= 4 | pages= 629-36 | pmid=18174459 | doi=10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.151092 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18174459  }} </ref>.  
* The [[prevalence]] of metabolic syndrome is approximately 25% in European and Latin American countries <ref name="pmid18174459">{{cite journal| author=Grundy SM| title=Metabolic syndrome pandemic. | journal=Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol | year= 2008 | volume= 28 | issue= 4 | pages= 629-36 | pmid=18174459 | doi=10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.151092 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18174459  }} </ref>.  
# Also, with westernization of lifestyle and food habits there has been a constant increase in its prevalence in the Asian countries. However, the prevalence is still less compared to the western population (approximately 8-18%).
* Also, with westernization lifestyle and food habits there has been a constant increase in the [[prevalence]] of metabolic syndrome in the Asian countries. However, the [[prevalence]] is still less compared to the western population (approximately 8-18%).


===Race===
===Age===
# The diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome were defined initially for Caucasian population. However, these definitions are not uniform among different races.
* [[Prevalence]] increases with age.
# Highest age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the United States was found to be in Native American patients, with nearly 60% of women and 45% of men aged 45-49 years meet the ATP III criteria <ref name="pmid11790215">{{cite journal| author=Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH| title=Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. | journal=JAMA | year= 2002 | volume= 287 | issue= 3 | pages= 356-9 | pmid=11790215 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11790215  }} </ref> (approximately 31.9%, 1999-2000 survey).
* 2 out of 5 people above 60 years of age fall under the criteria of metabolic syndrome.
# High prevalence is also seen in African Americans especially women.
* Increased [[prevalence]] in the [[pediatric]] population is attributed to increased [[incidence]] of [[obesity]] early in childhood.


===Gender===
===Gender===
# Age adjusted prevalence in male - (24%)  
* Age adjusted [[prevalence]] in male - (24%)  
# Age adjusted prevalence in female - (23%)  
* Age adjusted [[prevalence]] in female - (23%)  
# However, females have increased risks for metabolic syndrome due to association of certain factors like [[pregnancy]], [[oral contraceptives pills]] (OCP) and [[polycystic ovarian syndrome]] ([[PCOS]]) <ref name="pmid17893688">{{cite journal| author=Bentley-Lewis R, Koruda K, Seely EW| title=The metabolic syndrome in women. | journal=Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab | year= 2007 | volume= 3 | issue= 10 | pages= 696-704 | pmid=17893688 | doi=10.1038/ncpendmet0616 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17893688  }} </ref>.
* However, females have an increased risk for metabolic syndrome due to association of certain factors like [[pregnancy]], [[Oral contraceptives|oral contraceptives pills]] (OCP) and [[polycystic ovarian syndrome]] ([[PCOS]]) <ref name="pmid17893688">{{cite journal| author=Bentley-Lewis R, Koruda K, Seely EW| title=The metabolic syndrome in women. | journal=Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab | year= 2007 | volume= 3 | issue= 10 | pages= 696-704 | pmid=17893688 | doi=10.1038/ncpendmet0616 | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17893688  }} </ref>.
# Some association is found between metabolic syndrome and [[breast cancer]], especially in [[postmenopausal]] females.
* Some association is found to exist between metabolic syndrome and [[breast cancer]], especially in [[postmenopausal]] females.


===Age===
===Race===
# Prevalence increases with age.
* The diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome were defined initially for Caucasian population. However, these definitions are not uniform among different races.
# 2 out of 5 people above 60 years of age fall under the criteria of metabolic syndrome.
* Highest age - adjusted [[prevalence]] of metabolic syndrome in the United States was found to be in Native American patients, with nearly 60% of women and 45% of men aged 45 - 49 years met the ATP III criteria <ref name="pmid11790215">{{cite journal| author=Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH| title=Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. | journal=JAMA | year= 2002 | volume= 287 | issue= 3 | pages= 356-9 | pmid=11790215 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11790215  }} </ref> (approximately 31.9%, 1999-2000 survey).
# Increased prevalence in [[pediatric]] population is attributed to increased incidence of [[obesity]] early in childhood.
* High [[prevalence]] is also seen in African Americans especially women.


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Genetic disorders]]
[[Category:Metabolic disorders]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Syndromes]]
[[Category:Disease]]

Latest revision as of 16:38, 16 October 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome varies depending on the age and ethnicity of the population studied. But over the past few decades prevalence has increased many folds. It is higher in western countries, with advanced age and in certain races like Mexican Americans and African Americans.

Epidemiology and Demographics

United States

  • According to a 1999 - 2000 survey, prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults aged 20 years or older was found to be 32,000 per 100,000 compared to 22,000 per 100,000 in a survey done during year 1988 - 1994 [1].
  • There is a constant increase in prevalence of metabolic syndrome and more than 25% of US population meets the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome.

International

  • The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is approximately 25% in European and Latin American countries [2].
  • Also, with westernization lifestyle and food habits there has been a constant increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Asian countries. However, the prevalence is still less compared to the western population (approximately 8-18%).

Age

  • Prevalence increases with age.
  • 2 out of 5 people above 60 years of age fall under the criteria of metabolic syndrome.
  • Increased prevalence in the pediatric population is attributed to increased incidence of obesity early in childhood.

Gender

Race

  • The diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome were defined initially for Caucasian population. However, these definitions are not uniform among different races.
  • Highest age - adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the United States was found to be in Native American patients, with nearly 60% of women and 45% of men aged 45 - 49 years met the ATP III criteria [4] (approximately 31.9%, 1999-2000 survey).
  • High prevalence is also seen in African Americans especially women.

References

  1. Ford ES, Giles WH, Mokdad AH (2004). "Increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among u.s. Adults". Diabetes Care. 27 (10): 2444–9. PMID 15451914.
  2. Grundy SM (2008). "Metabolic syndrome pandemic". Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 28 (4): 629–36. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.151092. PMID 18174459.
  3. Bentley-Lewis R, Koruda K, Seely EW (2007). "The metabolic syndrome in women". Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 3 (10): 696–704. doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0616. PMID 17893688.
  4. Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH (2002). "Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey". JAMA. 287 (3): 356–9. PMID 11790215.

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