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__NOTOC__
{{Hydrocephalus}}
{{Hydrocephalus}}
{{CMG}};
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SAH}}
__NOTOC__'''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' [[User:zorkun|Cafer Zorkun]] M.D., PhD.,{{KD}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
Hydrocephalus was first described by the ancient Greek physician [[Hippocrates]], but it remained an intractable condition until the 20th century, when [[shunt (medical)|shunts]] and other neurosurgical treatment modalities were developed. The condition has been often informally referred to as "water on the brain".
*The historical prespective of hydrocephalus is given below:<ref name="pmid10547004">{{cite journal |vauthors=Aschoff A, Kremer P, Hashemi B, Kunze S |title=The scientific history of hydrocephalus and its treatment |journal=Neurosurg Rev |volume=22 |issue=2-3 |pages=67–93; discussion 94–5 |date=October 1999 |pmid=10547004 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
**Hydrocephalus cases were diagnosed by Hippocrates, Galen and Arabian physicians. They believed that the disease was caused by an extracerebral accumulation of water.
**Evacuation of superficial intracranial fluid in hydrocephalic children was first described in detail in the 10th century by Abulkassim Al Zahrawi.
**In 1744, LeCat published findings on a [[Ventricle (brain)|ventricular]] puncture.
**In 1881, a few years after the landmark study of Key and Retzius, Wernicke inaugurated sterile [[Ventricle (brain)|ventricular]] puncture and external [[cerebrospinal fluid]] ([[CSF]]) drainage.
**These were followed in 1891 by serial [[Lumbar puncture|lumbar punctures]] (Quincke) and, in 1893, by the first permanent [[Cerebral shunt|ventriculo-subarachnoid-subgaleal shunt]] (Mikulicz).
**Ventriculostomy without implants (Anton 1908), with implants, and plexus coagulation initially had a very high operative [[mortality]] and were seldom successful in the long term, but gradually improved over the next decades.
**In 1949, Nulsen and Spitz implanted a shunt successfully into the caval [[vein]] with a ball valve.
**Between 1955 and 1960, four independent groups invented distal slit, proximal slit, and diaphragm valves almost simultaneously.
**Around 1960, the combined invention of artificial valves and silicone led to a worldwide therapeutic breakthrough.
 
== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}


[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
[[Category:Greek loanwords]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Grammar]]
[[Category:Grammar]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]
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Latest revision as of 04:04, 19 August 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Ahsan Hussain, M.D.[2]

Overview

  • The historical prespective of hydrocephalus is given below:[1]
    • Hydrocephalus cases were diagnosed by Hippocrates, Galen and Arabian physicians. They believed that the disease was caused by an extracerebral accumulation of water.
    • Evacuation of superficial intracranial fluid in hydrocephalic children was first described in detail in the 10th century by Abulkassim Al Zahrawi.
    • In 1744, LeCat published findings on a ventricular puncture.
    • In 1881, a few years after the landmark study of Key and Retzius, Wernicke inaugurated sterile ventricular puncture and external cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage.
    • These were followed in 1891 by serial lumbar punctures (Quincke) and, in 1893, by the first permanent ventriculo-subarachnoid-subgaleal shunt (Mikulicz).
    • Ventriculostomy without implants (Anton 1908), with implants, and plexus coagulation initially had a very high operative mortality and were seldom successful in the long term, but gradually improved over the next decades.
    • In 1949, Nulsen and Spitz implanted a shunt successfully into the caval vein with a ball valve.
    • Between 1955 and 1960, four independent groups invented distal slit, proximal slit, and diaphragm valves almost simultaneously.
    • Around 1960, the combined invention of artificial valves and silicone led to a worldwide therapeutic breakthrough.

References

  1. Aschoff A, Kremer P, Hashemi B, Kunze S (October 1999). "The scientific history of hydrocephalus and its treatment". Neurosurg Rev. 22 (2–3): 67–93, discussion 94–5. PMID 10547004.


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