Mental retardation risk factors: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
 
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
Line 3: Line 3:
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{Chelsea}} {{KS}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{Chelsea}} {{KS}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
There are no established risk factors for [disease name].
The risk factors for intellectual disability are divided into three categories which are pre-natal, perinatal, and post-natal risk factors.
 
OR
 
The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
 
OR
 
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
 
OR
 
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
There are no established risk factors for [disease name].
[[Prenatal]] causes <ref>{{cite journal|title=Neurodevelopmental Disorders|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01}}</ref>
 
OR


The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
#[[Genetic]] [[syndromes]]
#[[Inborn errors of metabolism]]
#[[Brain malformations]]
#[[Maternal disease]]
#[[Environmental]] factors such as the [[history]] of [[alcoholism]], [[teratogens]], and other [[drugs]]


OR
[[Perinatal]] [[causes]] include events during [[labor]] and [[delivery]] that ultimately lead to [[ischemic injury]] to [[neonates']] [[brains]]. <ref>{{cite journal|title=Neurodevelopmental Disorders|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01}}</ref>


Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
[[Postnatal]] causes <ref>{{cite journal|title=Neurodevelopmental Disorders|year=2013|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01}}</ref>
===Common Risk Factors===
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
**[Risk factor 1]
**[Risk factor 2]
**[Risk factor 3]


===Less Common Risk Factors===
#[[Hypoxic-ischemic injury]]
*Less common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
#[[Traumatic brain injury]]
**[Risk factor 1]
#[[Infections]]
**[Risk factor 2]
#[[Demyelinating]] [[disorders]]
**[Risk factor 3]
#[[Infantile spasms]]
#[[Severe]] and [[chronic social deprivation]]
#[[Heavy metal poisoning]]
#[[Toxic metabolic syndromes]]


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 01:58, 20 July 2021

Mental retardation Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Mental retardation from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Interventions

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Mental retardation risk factors On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Mental retardation risk factors

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Mental retardation risk factors

CDC on Mental retardation risk factors

Mental retardation risk factors in the news

Blogs on Mental retardation risk factors

Directions to Hospitals Treating Mental retardation

Risk calculators and risk factors for Mental retardation risk factors

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chelsea Mae Nobleza, M.D.[2] Kiran Singh, M.D. [3]

Overview

The risk factors for intellectual disability are divided into three categories which are pre-natal, perinatal, and post-natal risk factors.

Risk Factors

Prenatal causes [1]

  1. Genetic syndromes
  2. Inborn errors of metabolism
  3. Brain malformations
  4. Maternal disease
  5. Environmental factors such as the history of alcoholism, teratogens, and other drugs

Perinatal causes include events during labor and delivery that ultimately lead to ischemic injury to neonates' brains. [2]

Postnatal causes [3]

  1. Hypoxic-ischemic injury
  2. Traumatic brain injury
  3. Infections
  4. Demyelinating disorders
  5. Infantile spasms
  6. Severe and chronic social deprivation
  7. Heavy metal poisoning
  8. Toxic metabolic syndromes

References

  1. "Neurodevelopmental Disorders". 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01.
  2. "Neurodevelopmental Disorders". 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01.
  3. "Neurodevelopmental Disorders". 2013. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm01.

Overview

Risk factors for mental retardation include genetic syndromes, hypoxic ischemic injury, and seizure disorders among others.[1]

Risk Factors

  • Genetic syndromes (e.g., sequence variations or copy number variants involving one or more genes; chromosomal disorders)
  • Inborn errors of metabolism
  • Brain malformations
  • Maternal disease (including placental disease)
  • Environmental influences (e.g., alcohol, other drugs, toxins, teratogens)
  • Variety of labor and delivery-related events leading toneonatal encephalopathy
  • Hypoxic ischemic injury
  • Traumatic brain injury
  • Infections
  • Demyelinating disorders
  • Seizure disorders (e.g., infantile spasms)
  • Severe and chronic social deprivation
  • Toxic metabolic syndromes and intoxications(e.g., lead, mercury)[2]

References

  1. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.
  2. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.

Template:WH

Template:WS