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==Overview==
==Overview==
==Key Echocardiography/Ultrasound Findings in Thyroid Cancer==
Neck ultrasound may be performed to detect follicular thyroid cancer.
* Large size, microcalcifications, and hypoechogenicity are suspicious feature
==Ultrasound==
* Lymphadenopathy is a suspicious feature
===Key Ultrasound Findings in Thyroid Cancer===
* Microcalcifications is the most specific finding associated with malignancy (~95%)
* Key ultrasound findings in thyroid cancer are:
* Coarse calcifications ​can also be seen in malignant nodules
:* Large size, microcalcifications, and hypoechogenicity<ref name=Radiopaedia2015>{{cite web | title = Follicular thyroid cancer [Dr Matt A. Morgan and Dr Frank Gaillard].Radiopedia 2015| url = http://radiopaedia.org/articles/follicular-thyroid-cancer Accessed on October, 29 2015 }}</ref>
* Peripheral rim calcification can be seen in malignant nodules
:* Lymphadenopathy
* 25 %  of follicular and medullary cancer are isoechoic solid nodule.
:* Microcalcifications- most specific finding associated with malignancy (~95%)
* There is 5% chance of a hyperechoic nodule being malignant.
:* Coarse calcifications  
* Invasion of local structures favors anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and thyroid lymphoma.
:* Peripheral rim calcification  
* A nodule taller than it is wide is suspicious for malignancy.
:* Isoechoic solid nodule
* Irregular margins are suspicious for malignancy
:* A nodule taller than it is wide  
==Lymphnode==
:* Irregular margins  
* Enlarged regional lymph nodes are suspicious for thyroid malignancy
* The lymph node findings are:
* Microcalcifications in regional lymph nodes are highly suspicious
:* Enlarged regional lymph nodes are suspicious for thyroid malignancy
* Lymph nodes with cystic change are highly suspicious
:* Microcalcifications in regional lymph nodes are highly suspicious
* Loss of normal fatty hilum, irregular node appearance
:* Lymph nodes with cystic change are highly suspicious
* Increased colour Doppler flow is suspicious
:* Loss of normal fatty hilum, irregular node appearance
* Low threshold criteria for lymph node biopsy
:* Increased colour Doppler flow is suspicious
* Biopsy if suspicious features
:* Low threshold criteria for lymph node biopsy
* Consider biopsy if >8 mm
:* Biopsy if suspicious features
==Sonographic features favouring a malignant nodule==
:* Consider biopsy if >8 mm
* Hypoechoic solid
* Presence of microcalcifications: almost always warrants a FNA
* Local invasion of surrounding structures
* Taller than it is wide
* Large size: the cut off is often taken as 10 mm to warrant a FNA
* Suspicious neck lymph nodes suggesting metastatic disease
* Intranodular blood flow
==Reference==
==Reference==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Endocrine system]]
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[[Category:Types of cancer]]
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[[Category:Surgery]]

Latest revision as of 23:28, 26 November 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

Overview

Neck ultrasound may be performed to detect follicular thyroid cancer.

Ultrasound

Key Ultrasound Findings in Thyroid Cancer

  • Key ultrasound findings in thyroid cancer are:
  • Large size, microcalcifications, and hypoechogenicity[1]
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Microcalcifications- most specific finding associated with malignancy (~95%)
  • Coarse calcifications
  • Peripheral rim calcification
  • Isoechoic solid nodule
  • A nodule taller than it is wide
  • Irregular margins
  • The lymph node findings are:
  • Enlarged regional lymph nodes are suspicious for thyroid malignancy
  • Microcalcifications in regional lymph nodes are highly suspicious
  • Lymph nodes with cystic change are highly suspicious
  • Loss of normal fatty hilum, irregular node appearance
  • Increased colour Doppler flow is suspicious
  • Low threshold criteria for lymph node biopsy
  • Biopsy if suspicious features
  • Consider biopsy if >8 mm

Reference

  1. Accessed on October, 29 2015 "Follicular thyroid cancer [Dr Matt A. Morgan and Dr Frank Gaillard].Radiopedia 2015" Check |url= value (help).