Brain tumor classification: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Brain tumors can be classified into two main categories: primary and secondary tumors. Primary tumors originate in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells. Secondary tumors originate in malignant cancers located primarily in other organs. Brain tumors are classified depending on location of the tumor, type of tissue involved | Brain tumors can be classified into two main categories: primary and secondary tumors. Primary tumors originate in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells. Secondary tumors originate in malignant cancers located primarily in other organs. Brain tumors are classified depending on location of the tumor, type of tissue involved and whether they are benign or malignant. | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
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Most primary brain tumors originate from [[glial cells|glia]] ([[glioma]]s) such as astrocytes ([[astrocytomas]]), oligodendrocytes ([[oligodendrogliomas]]), or ependymal cells ([[ependymoma]]). There are also mixed forms, with both an astrocytic and an oligodendroglial cell component. These are called [[mixed gliomas]] or [[oligoastrocytomas]]. Plus, mixed glio-neuronal tumors (tumors displaying a neuronal, as well as a glial component, e.g. [[ganglioglioma]]s, [[disembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor]]s) and tumors originating from neuronal cells (e.g. [[gangliocytoma]], central gangliocytoma) can also be encountered. | Most primary brain tumors originate from [[glial cells|glia]] ([[glioma]]s) such as astrocytes ([[astrocytomas]]), oligodendrocytes ([[oligodendrogliomas]]), or ependymal cells ([[ependymoma]]). There are also mixed forms, with both an astrocytic and an oligodendroglial cell component. These are called [[mixed gliomas]] or [[oligoastrocytomas]]. Plus, mixed glio-neuronal tumors (tumors displaying a neuronal, as well as a glial component, e.g. [[ganglioglioma]]s, [[disembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor]]s) and tumors originating from neuronal cells (e.g. [[gangliocytoma]], central gangliocytoma) can also be encountered. | ||
Other | Other origins of primary brain tumors include: [[primitive neuroectodermal tumor]]s (PNET, e.g. [[medulloblastoma]], medulloepithelioma, [[neuroblastoma]], [[retinoblastoma]], [[ependymoblastoma]]), tumors of the [[pineal gland|pineal]] [[parenchyma]] (e.g. pineocytoma, pineoblastoma), [[ependyma]]l cell tumors, [[choroid plexus]] tumors, neuroepithelial tumors of uncertain origin (e.g. [[gliomatosis cerebri]], astroblastoma), etc. | ||
===Secondary tumors and non-tumor lesions=== | ===Secondary tumors and non-tumor lesions=== | ||
Secondary or [[metastasis|metastatic brain tumors]] originate from [[malignant tumors]] (cancers) located primarily in other organs. Their incidence is higher than that of primary brain tumors. The most frequent types of metastatic brain tumors | Secondary or [[metastasis|metastatic brain tumors]] originate from [[malignant tumors]] (cancers) located primarily in other organs. Their incidence is higher than that of primary brain tumors. These tumor cells reach the brain via the blood-stream. The most frequent types of metastatic brain tumors are: | ||
*[[ | *[[Lung]] cancer | ||
*[[ | *[[Skin]] cancer | ||
*[[ | *[[Malignant melanoma]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Hypernephroma]] | ||
*[[ | *[[Breast]] cancer | ||
*[[ | *[[Colon carcinoma]] | ||
Some non-tumoral masses and lesions can mimic tumors of the [[central nervous system]]. These include | Some non-tumoral masses and lesions can mimic tumors of the [[central nervous system]]. These include: | ||
*[[ | *[[Tuberculosis]] of the brain | ||
*[[ | *[[Cerebral abscess]] (commonly in [[toxoplasmosis]]) | ||
*[[ | *[[Hamartomas]] (for example, in [[tuberous sclerosis]]) | ||
*[[ | *[[Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Neurology]] | [[Category:Neurology]] | ||
[[Category:Mature chapter]] | [[Category:Mature chapter]] | ||
[[Category:Up-To-Date]] | |||
[[Category:Oncology]] | |||
[[Category:Medicine]] | |||
[[Category:Neurology]] | |||
[[Category:Neurosurgery]] | |||
Latest revision as of 02:33, 6 November 2017
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Brain tumor Microchapters |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]
Overview
Brain tumors can be classified into two main categories: primary and secondary tumors. Primary tumors originate in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and ependymal cells. Secondary tumors originate in malignant cancers located primarily in other organs. Brain tumors are classified depending on location of the tumor, type of tissue involved and whether they are benign or malignant.
Classification
Primary tumors
Tumors occurring in the brain include:
- Astrocytoma
- Pilocytic astrocytoma
- Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor
- Oligodendrogliomas
- Ependymoma
- Glioblastoma multiforme
- Mixed gliomas
- Oligoastrocytomas
- Medulloblastoma
- Retinoblastoma
- Neuroblastoma
- Germinoma
- Teratoma
Most primary brain tumors originate from glia (gliomas) such as astrocytes (astrocytomas), oligodendrocytes (oligodendrogliomas), or ependymal cells (ependymoma). There are also mixed forms, with both an astrocytic and an oligodendroglial cell component. These are called mixed gliomas or oligoastrocytomas. Plus, mixed glio-neuronal tumors (tumors displaying a neuronal, as well as a glial component, e.g. gangliogliomas, disembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors) and tumors originating from neuronal cells (e.g. gangliocytoma, central gangliocytoma) can also be encountered.
Other origins of primary brain tumors include: primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET, e.g. medulloblastoma, medulloepithelioma, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, ependymoblastoma), tumors of the pineal parenchyma (e.g. pineocytoma, pineoblastoma), ependymal cell tumors, choroid plexus tumors, neuroepithelial tumors of uncertain origin (e.g. gliomatosis cerebri, astroblastoma), etc.
Secondary tumors and non-tumor lesions
Secondary or metastatic brain tumors originate from malignant tumors (cancers) located primarily in other organs. Their incidence is higher than that of primary brain tumors. These tumor cells reach the brain via the blood-stream. The most frequent types of metastatic brain tumors are:
- Lung cancer
- Skin cancer
- Malignant melanoma
- Hypernephroma
- Breast cancer
- Colon carcinoma
Some non-tumoral masses and lesions can mimic tumors of the central nervous system. These include:
- Tuberculosis of the brain
- Cerebral abscess (commonly in toxoplasmosis)
- Hamartomas (for example, in tuberous sclerosis)
- Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis