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==Overview==
==Overview==
Hypogonadism may be classified according to the etiological site into three subtypes namely primary, secondary or combined. Hypogonadism can also be classified according to the age into two adult and child onset disease. Also, it could be classified based on the causes into [[acquired]] or [[congenital]].<ref name="pmid23258624">{{cite journal| author=Rey RA, Grinspon RP, Gottlieb S, Pasqualini T, Knoblovits P, Aszpis S et al.| title=Male hypogonadism: an extended classification based on a developmental, endocrine physiology-based approach. | journal=Andrology | year= 2013 | volume= 1 | issue= 1 | pages= 3-16 | pmid=23258624 | doi=10.1111/j.2047-2927.2012.00008.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23258624  }} </ref>
==Classification==
==Classification==
There are many possible types of hypogonadism and several ways to categorize them.
*Based on the location, hypogonadism can be classified into:
 
**Primary: [[gonads]] (ovaries or testes) are the primary source of the pathology.  
=== Congenital v/s Acquired===
**Secondary (central): If the cause of the disease is the [[hypothalamus]] or [[Pituitary gland|pituitary]].  
* An example of [[congenital]] hypogonadism (present at birth) is [[Turner syndrome]].
**Combined
* An example of [[acquired]] hypogonadism (develops in childhood or adult life) is [[castration]].
 
=== Hormones v/s Fertility===
Hypogonadism can involve just [[hormone]] production or just [[fertility]], but most commonly involves both.
* Examples of hypogonadism that affect hormone production more than fertility are [[hypopituitarism]] and [[Kallmann syndrome]]; in both cases fertility is reduced until hormones are replaced but can be achieved solely with hormone replacement.
* Examples of hypogonadism that affect fertility more than hormone production are [[Klinefelter syndrome]] and [[Kartagener syndrome]].
 
===Affected System===
Hypogonadism is also categorized by endocrinologists by the level of the reproductive system which is defective.
 
*Hypogonadism resulting from defects of the [[gonads]] is traditionally referred to as '''primary hypogonadism'''. Examples include [[Klinefelter syndrome]] and [[Turner syndrome]].


*Hypogonadism resulting from [[hypothalamic]] or [[pituitary]] defects are termed  '''secondary hypogonadism''' or '''central hypogonadism''' (referring to the [[central nervous system]]).
*Based on the age, hypogonadism can be classified into:
**Examples of [[hypothalamus|Hypothalamic]] defects include [[Kallmann syndrome]]
**[[Childhood]] onset hypogonadism
**Examples of [[pituitary gland|Pituitary]] defects include [[hypopituitarism]]
**[[Adult]] onset hypogonadism


*An example of a hypogonadism resulting from hormone response is [[androgen insensitivity syndrome]]
*Based on the causes of the disease, hypogonadism can be classified into:
**[[Acquired]] hypogonadism
**[[Congenital]] hypogonadism


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Urologic Surgery]]
[[Category:Gynecology]]

Latest revision as of 14:57, 3 October 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [2]

Overview

Hypogonadism may be classified according to the etiological site into three subtypes namely primary, secondary or combined. Hypogonadism can also be classified according to the age into two adult and child onset disease. Also, it could be classified based on the causes into acquired or congenital.[1]

Classification

  • Based on the location, hypogonadism can be classified into:
    • Primary: gonads (ovaries or testes) are the primary source of the pathology.
    • Secondary (central): If the cause of the disease is the hypothalamus or pituitary.
    • Combined
  • Based on the age, hypogonadism can be classified into:
  • Based on the causes of the disease, hypogonadism can be classified into:

References

  1. Rey RA, Grinspon RP, Gottlieb S, Pasqualini T, Knoblovits P, Aszpis S; et al. (2013). "Male hypogonadism: an extended classification based on a developmental, endocrine physiology-based approach". Andrology. 1 (1): 3–16. doi:10.1111/j.2047-2927.2012.00008.x. PMID 23258624.

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