Typhoid fever secondary prevention: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
No edit summary
 
(10 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Typhoid fever}}
{{Typhoid fever}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{AA}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{AAA}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
There are no established guidelines for secondary prevention of typhoid fever. However, early diagnosis and prompt and adequate treatment&mdash;including the administration of antibiotics, good nursing care, maintenance of fluid electrolyte balance, adequate nutrition,<ref name="pmid15567123">{{cite journal| author=van de Vosse E, Hoeve MA, Ottenhoff TH| title=Human genetics of intracellular infectious diseases: molecular and cellular immunity against mycobacteria and salmonellae. | journal=Lancet Infect Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 4 | issue= 12 | pages= 739-49 | pmid=15567123 | doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01203-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15567123  }} </ref> steroids in severe cases, <ref name="pmid6361558">{{cite journal| author=Hoffman SL, Punjabi NH, Kumala S, Moechtar MA, Pulungsih SP, Rivai AR et al.| title=Reduction of mortality in chloramphenicol-treated severe typhoid fever by high-dose dexamethasone. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1984 | volume= 310 | issue= 2 | pages= 82-8 | pmid=6361558 | doi=10.1056/NEJM198401123100203 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6361558  }} </ref> and cholecystectomy&mdash;may help prevent the chronic carrier state.<ref name="pmid520079">{{cite journal| author=Münnich D, Békési S| title=Curing of typhoid carriers by cholecystectomy combined with amoxycillin plus probenecid treatment. | journal=Chemotherapy | year= 1979 | volume= 25 | issue= 6 | pages= 362-6 | pmid=520079 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=520079  }} </ref>
There are no established guidelines for secondary prevention of typhoid fever. However, early diagnosis and prompt and adequate treatment&mdash;including the administration of antibiotics, good nursing care, maintenance of fluid electrolyte balance, adequate nutrition,<ref name="pmid15567123">{{cite journal| author=van de Vosse E, Hoeve MA, Ottenhoff TH| title=Human genetics of intracellular infectious diseases: molecular and cellular immunity against mycobacteria and salmonellae. | journal=Lancet Infect Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 4 | issue= 12 | pages= 739-49 | pmid=15567123 | doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01203-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15567123  }} </ref> steroids in severe cases,<ref name="pmid6361558">{{cite journal| author=Hoffman SL, Punjabi NH, Kumala S, Moechtar MA, Pulungsih SP, Rivai AR et al.| title=Reduction of mortality in chloramphenicol-treated severe typhoid fever by high-dose dexamethasone. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1984 | volume= 310 | issue= 2 | pages= 82-8 | pmid=6361558 | doi=10.1056/NEJM198401123100203 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6361558  }} </ref> and cholecystectomy&mdash;may help prevent development of the chronic carrier state.<ref name="pmid520079">{{cite journal| author=Münnich D, Békési S| title=Curing of typhoid carriers by cholecystectomy combined with amoxycillin plus probenecid treatment. | journal=Chemotherapy | year= 1979 | volume= 25 | issue= 6 | pages= 362-6 | pmid=520079 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=520079  }} </ref>


==Secondary prevention==
==Secondary prevention==
There are no established guidelines for secondary prevention of typhoid fever. However, following strategies may help reduce the progression of disease and prevent complications in the affected individuals:<ref name="pmid12456854">{{cite journal| author=Parry CM, Hien TT, Dougan G, White NJ, Farrar JJ| title=Typhoid fever. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2002 | volume= 347 | issue= 22 | pages= 1770-82 | pmid=12456854 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra020201 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12456854  }} </ref>
There are no established guidelines for secondary prevention of typhoid fever. However, the following strategies may help reduce progression of the disease and prevent complications in affected individuals:<ref name="pmid15567123">{{cite journal| author=van de Vosse E, Hoeve MA, Ottenhoff TH| title=Human genetics of intracellular infectious diseases: molecular and cellular immunity against mycobacteria and salmonellae. | journal=Lancet Infect Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 4 | issue= 12 | pages= 739-49 | pmid=15567123 | doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01203-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15567123  }} </ref><ref name="pmid6361558">{{cite journal| author=Hoffman SL, Punjabi NH, Kumala S, Moechtar MA, Pulungsih SP, Rivai AR et al.| title=Reduction of mortality in chloramphenicol-treated severe typhoid fever by high-dose dexamethasone. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1984 | volume= 310 | issue= 2 | pages= 82-8 | pmid=6361558 | doi=10.1056/NEJM198401123100203 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6361558  }} </ref><ref name="pmid520079">{{cite journal| author=Münnich D, Békési S| title=Curing of typhoid carriers by cholecystectomy combined with amoxycillin plus probenecid treatment. | journal=Chemotherapy | year= 1979 | volume= 25 | issue= 6 | pages= 362-6 | pmid=520079 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=520079  }} </ref><ref name="pmid12456854">{{cite journal| author=Parry CM, Hien TT, Dougan G, White NJ, Farrar JJ| title=Typhoid fever. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2002 | volume= 347 | issue= 22 | pages= 1770-82 | pmid=12456854 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra020201 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=12456854  }} </ref>
*Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with the antibiotics.
*Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with the appropriate antibiotics
*Good nursing care and fluid electrolyte balance.
*Good nursing care, including maintenance of a healthy fluid electrolyte balance
*Adequate nutrition.<ref name="pmid15567123">{{cite journal| author=van de Vosse E, Hoeve MA, Ottenhoff TH| title=Human genetics of intracellular infectious diseases: molecular and cellular immunity against mycobacteria and salmonellae. | journal=Lancet Infect Dis | year= 2004 | volume= 4 | issue= 12 | pages= 739-49 | pmid=15567123 | doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01203-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15567123  }} </ref>
*Adequate nutrition
*Steroids may have a role in severe illness to decrease the morbidity and mortality.<ref name="pmid6361558">{{cite journal| author=Hoffman SL, Punjabi NH, Kumala S, Moechtar MA, Pulungsih SP, Rivai AR et al.| title=Reduction of mortality in chloramphenicol-treated severe typhoid fever by high-dose dexamethasone. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1984 | volume= 310 | issue= 2 | pages= 82-8 | pmid=6361558 | doi=10.1056/NEJM198401123100203 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6361558  }} </ref>
*Steroid administration if appropriate
*Antibiotics and cholecystctomy may help prevent the chronic carrier state.<ref name="pmid520079">{{cite journal| author=Münnich D, Békési S| title=Curing of typhoid carriers by cholecystectomy combined with amoxycillin plus probenecid treatment. | journal=Chemotherapy | year= 1979 | volume= 25 | issue= 6 | pages= 362-6 | pmid=520079 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=520079  }} </ref>
*Cholecystctomy if necessary to prevent the chronic carrier state


== References ==
== References ==
Line 23: Line 23:
[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
[[Category:Infectious diseases]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:FinalQCRequired]]
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]

Latest revision as of 02:43, 18 July 2021

Typhoid fever Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Typhoid fever from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

X ray

CT

MRI

Ultrasound

Other Imaging Findings

Other diagnostic tests

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Typhoid fever secondary prevention On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Typhoid fever secondary prevention

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Typhoid fever secondary prevention

CDC on Typhoid fever secondary prevention

Typhoid fever secondary prevention in the news

Blogs on Typhoid fever secondary prevention

Directions to Hospitals Treating Typhoid fever

Risk calculators and risk factors for Typhoid fever secondary prevention

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Aslam, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

There are no established guidelines for secondary prevention of typhoid fever. However, early diagnosis and prompt and adequate treatment—including the administration of antibiotics, good nursing care, maintenance of fluid electrolyte balance, adequate nutrition,[1] steroids in severe cases,[2] and cholecystectomy—may help prevent development of the chronic carrier state.[3]

Secondary prevention

There are no established guidelines for secondary prevention of typhoid fever. However, the following strategies may help reduce progression of the disease and prevent complications in affected individuals:[1][2][3][4]

  • Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with the appropriate antibiotics
  • Good nursing care, including maintenance of a healthy fluid electrolyte balance
  • Adequate nutrition
  • Steroid administration if appropriate
  • Cholecystctomy if necessary to prevent the chronic carrier state

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 van de Vosse E, Hoeve MA, Ottenhoff TH (2004). "Human genetics of intracellular infectious diseases: molecular and cellular immunity against mycobacteria and salmonellae". Lancet Infect Dis. 4 (12): 739–49. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(04)01203-4. PMID 15567123.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hoffman SL, Punjabi NH, Kumala S, Moechtar MA, Pulungsih SP, Rivai AR; et al. (1984). "Reduction of mortality in chloramphenicol-treated severe typhoid fever by high-dose dexamethasone". N Engl J Med. 310 (2): 82–8. doi:10.1056/NEJM198401123100203. PMID 6361558.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Münnich D, Békési S (1979). "Curing of typhoid carriers by cholecystectomy combined with amoxycillin plus probenecid treatment". Chemotherapy. 25 (6): 362–6. PMID 520079.
  4. ↑ Parry CM, Hien TT, Dougan G, White NJ, Farrar JJ (2002). "Typhoid fever". N Engl J Med. 347 (22): 1770–82. doi:10.1056/NEJMra020201. PMID 12456854.

Template:WH

Template:WS

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Typhoid_fever_secondary_prevention&oldid=1707390"