Toxic shock syndrome other diagnostic studies: Difference between revisions

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{{Toxic shock syndrome}}
{{Toxic shock syndrome}}
{{CMG}},{{AE}}{{MIR}}
{{CMG}},{{AE}}{{MIR}}


== Review: ==
== Overview: ==
Although the best [[Diagnosis|diagnostic]] tool for [[toxic shock syndrome]] (TSS) [[diagnosis]] is with clinical findings and laboratory exams, there are still some imaging and specific diagnostic ways specially for early diagnosis of TSS complications.
Although the best [[Diagnosis|diagnostic]] tool for [[toxic shock syndrome]] (TSS) [[diagnosis]] is with clinical findings and laboratory exams, there are still some specific diagnostic ways to confirm TSS diagnosis.
 
== Imaging ==
Different imaging methods during [[toxic shock syndrome]] (TSS) evaluation are more useful to assess the disease [[complications]], and for early [[diagnosis]] and treatment of complications.
 
=== CXR ===
[[Diffuse]] [[bilateral]] [[interstitial]] and alveolar infiltrates may be seen in [[Chest X-ray|CXR]] (as a result of [[pulmonary]] and cardiac complications).
 
=== Brain CT-scan ===
Midline shift, or [[effacement]] of the [[basilar]] cisterns may be seen due to [[cerebral edema]]. Some experts insist in the usefulness of [[magnetic resonance imaging]] because of its [[Sensitivity (tests)|sensitivity]], although the imaging technique lacks [[Specificity (tests)|specificity]] in the diagnosis of TSS related complications.<ref name="pmid21406630">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim KT, Kim YJ, Won Lee J, Kim YJ, Park SW, Lim MK, Suh CH |title=Can necrotizing infectious fasciitis be differentiated from nonnecrotizing infectious fasciitis with MR imaging? |journal=Radiology |volume=259 |issue=3 |pages=816–24 |year=2011 |pmid=21406630 |doi=10.1148/radiol.11101164 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23043899">{{cite journal |vauthors=Malghem J, Lecouvet FE, Omoumi P, Maldague BE, Vande Berg BC |title=Necrotizing fasciitis: contribution and limitations of diagnostic imaging |journal=Joint Bone Spine |volume=80 |issue=2 |pages=146–54 |year=2013 |pmid=23043899 |doi=10.1016/j.jbspin.2012.08.009 |url=}}</ref>
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== Frozen-section biopsy ==
== Frozen-section biopsy ==
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Latest revision as of 00:27, 30 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1],Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2]

Overview:

Although the best diagnostic tool for toxic shock syndrome (TSS) diagnosis is with clinical findings and laboratory exams, there are still some specific diagnostic ways to confirm TSS diagnosis.

Frozen-section biopsy

Early recognition of necrotizing fasciitis (NF) can be made by using of specimens of suspected areas of tissue ; however, it requires high expertise to process and interpret biopsy specimens, which is not readily available in most clinical settings where and when patients present[1].

Staphylococcus aureus antibody testing

Presence of Staphylococcus aureus in the absence of an acute-phase antibody can be highly suggestive of Staphylococcal TSS.

References

  1. Stamenkovic I, Lew PD (1984). "Early recognition of potentially fatal necrotizing fasciitis. The use of frozen-section biopsy". N. Engl. J. Med. 310 (26): 1689–93. doi:10.1056/NEJM198406283102601. PMID 6727947.


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