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| == Patient information== | | ==Physical examination== |
| '''For the WikiDoc page for this topic, click [[Diarrhea|here]]'''
| | ==References== |
| | {{reflist|2}} |
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| {{Diarrhea (patient information)}} | | {{WH}} |
| | {{WS}} |
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| {{CMG}}; '''Assistant Editor-in-Chief:''' Meagan E. Doherty | | ==References== |
| | {{Reflist|2}} |
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| ==Overview==
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| Diarrhea is loose, watery stools. A person with diarrhea typically passes stool more than three times a day. People with diarrhea may pass more than a quart of stool a day. Acute diarrhea is a common problem that usually lasts 1 or 2 days and goes away on its own without special treatment. Prolonged diarrhea persisting for more than 2 days may be a sign of a more serious problem and poses the risk of [[dehydration]]. Chronic diarrhea may be a feature of a chronic disease. Diarrhea can cause dehydration, which means the body lacks enough fluid to function properly. Dehydration is particularly dangerous in children and older people, and it must be treated promptly to avoid serious health problems. People of all ages can get diarrhea and the average adult has a bout of acute diarrhea about four times a year. In the United States, each child will have had seven to 15 episodes of diarrhea by age 5.
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| ==What are the symptoms of Diarrhea?== | | ===Pathophysiology prev=== |
| Diarrhea may be accompanied by [[cramping]], [[abdominal pain]], [[bloating]], [[nausea]], or an urgent need to use the bathroom. Depending on the cause, a person may have a [[fever]] or bloody stools.
| | <div style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> |
| | {| class="infobox" style="position: fixed; top: 65%; right: 10px; margin: 0 0 0 0; border: 0; float: right;" |
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| | | {{#ev:youtube|https://https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5szNmKtyBW4|350}} |
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| | |} |
| | __NOTOC__ |
| | {{Cirrhosis}} |
| | {{CMG}} {{AE}} |
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| ==What are the causes of Diarrhea?==
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| Acute diarrhea is usually related to a bacterial, viral, or parasitic infection. Chronic diarrhea is usually related to functional disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease.
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| A few of the more common causes of diarrhea include the following:
| | ===Pathophysiology prev=== |
| *'''Bacterial infections'''. Several types of bacteria consumed through contaminated food or water can cause diarrhea. Common culprits include [[Campylobacter]], [[Salmonella]], [[Shigella]], and [[Escherichia coli]] (E. coli).
| | <div style="-webkit-user-select: none;"> |
| *'''Viral infections'''. Many viruses cause diarrhea, including [[rotavirus]], [[Norwalk virus]], [[cytomegalovirus]], [[herpes simplex virus]], and [[viral hepatitis]].
| | {| class="infobox" style="position: fixed; top: 65%; right: 10px; margin: 0 0 0 0; border: 0; float: right;" |
| *'''Food intolerances'''. Some people are unable to digest food components such as artificial sweeteners and lactose—the sugar found in milk.
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| *'''Parasites'''. Parasites can enter the body through food or water and settle in the digestive system. Parasites that cause diarrhea include [[Giardia lamblia]], [[Entamoeba histolytica]], and [[Cryptosporidium]].
| | | {{#ev:youtube|https://https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5szNmKtyBW4|350}} |
| *'''Reaction to medicines'''. [[Antibiotics]], [[blood pressure medications]], [[cancer drugs]], and [[antacids]] containing [[magnesium]] can all cause diarrhea.
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| *'''Intestinal diseases'''. [[Inflammatory bowel disease]], [[colitis]], [[Crohn’s disease]], and [[celiac disease]] often lead to diarrhea.
| | |} |
| *'''Functional bowel disorders'''. Diarrhea can be a symptom of [[irritable bowel syndrome]].
| | __NOTOC__ |
| | | {{Cirrhosis}} |
| Some people develop diarrhea after stomach surgery or removal of the [[gallbladder]]. The reason may be a change in how quickly food moves through the [[digestive system]] after stomach surgery or an increase in [[bile]] in the [[colon]] after gallbladder surgery.
| | {{CMG}} {{AE}} |
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| People who visit foreign countries are at risk for traveler’s diarrhea, which is caused by eating food or drinking water contaminated with bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Traveler’s diarrhea can be a problem for people visiting developing countries. Visitors to the United States, Canada, most European countries, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand do not face much risk for traveler’s diarrhea.
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| In many cases, the cause of diarrhea cannot be found. As long as diarrhea goes away on its own, an extensive search for the cause is not usually necessary.
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| ==Who is at risk for Diarrhea?== | |
| Anyone can get diarrhea. This common problem can last a day or two or for months or years, depending on the cause. Most people get better on their own, but diarrhea can be serious for babies and older people if lost fluids are not replaced. Many people throughout the world die from diarrhea because of the large volume of water lost and the accompanying loss of salts.
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| ==Diagnosis== | |
| Diagnostic tests to find the cause of diarrhea may include the following:
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| *'''Medical history and physical examination.''' The doctor will ask you about your eating habits and medication use and will examine you for signs of illness.
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| *'''Stool culture.''' A sample of stool is analyzed in a laboratory to check for [[bacteria]], [[parasites]], or other signs of disease and infection.
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| *'''Blood tests.''' Blood tests can be helpful in ruling out certain diseases.
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| *'''Fasting tests.''' To find out if a food intolerance or allergy is causing the diarrhea, the doctor may ask you to avoid [[lactose]], [[carbohydrates]], wheat, or other foods to see whether the diarrhea responds to a change in diet.
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| *'''Sigmoidoscopy'''. For this test, the doctor uses a special instrument to look at the inside of the [[rectum]] and lower part of the [[colon]].
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| *'''Colonoscopy'''. This test is similar to a [[sigmoidoscopy]], but it allows the doctor to view the entire [[colon]].
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| *'''Imaging tests'''. These tests can rule out structural abnormalities as the cause of diarrhea.
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| ==When to seek urgent medical care== | |
| Diarrhea is not usually harmful, but it can become dangerous or signal a more serious problem. You should see the doctor if you experience any of the following:
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| * Diarrhea for more than 3 days
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| * Severe pain in the [[abdomen]] or [[rectum]]
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| * A [[fever]] of 102 degrees or higher
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| * Blood in your stool or black, tarry stools
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| * Signs of [[dehydration]]
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| ==Treatment options==
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| In most cases of diarrhea, replacing lost fluid to prevent [[dehydration]] is the only treatment necessary. Medicines that stop diarrhea may be helpful, but they are not recommended for people whose diarrhea is caused by a bacterial infection or parasite. If you stop the diarrhea before having purged the bacteria or parasite, you will trap the organism in the intestines and prolong the problem. Rather, doctors usually prescribe [[antibiotics]] as a first-line treatment. [[Viral infections]] are either treated with medication or left to run their course, depending on the severity and type of virus.
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| ===Tips About Food===
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| Until diarrhea subsides, try to avoid caffeine, milk products, and foods that are greasy, high in fiber, or very sweet. These foods tend to aggravate diarrhea.
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| As you improve, you can add soft, bland foods to your diet, including bananas, plain rice, boiled potatoes, toast, crackers, cooked carrots, and baked chicken without the skin or fat. For children, the pediatrician may also recommend a bland diet. Once the diarrhea has stopped, the pediatrician will likely encourage children to return to a normal and healthy diet if it can be tolerated.
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| ===Contraindicated medications===
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| {{MedCondContrPI | |
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| |MedCond =Diarrhea|Ethacrynic acid}} | |
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| ==Where to find medical care for Diarrhea==
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| [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q={{urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|yourdisease}}}}&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=65.008093,112.148438&ie=UTF8&ll=37.0625,-95.677068&spn=91.690419,149.414063&z=2&source=embed Directions to Hospitals Treating Diarrhea]
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| ==Prevention of Diarrhea==
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| * Wash your hands often, especially after going to the bathroom and before eating.
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| * Teach children to not put objects in their mouth.
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| * When taking antibiotics, try eating food with Lactobacillus acidophilus, a healthy bacteria. This helps replenish the good bacteria that antibiotics can kill. Yogurt with active or live cultures is a good source of this healthy bacteria.
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| * Use alcohol-based hand gel frequently.
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| Traveler’s diarrhea happens when you consume food or water contaminated with bacteria, viruses, or parasites. You can take the following precautions to prevent traveler’s diarrhea when you travel outside of the United States:
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| * Do not drink tap water or use it to brush your teeth.
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| * Do not drink unpasteurized milk or dairy products.
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| * Do not use ice made from tap water.
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| * Avoid all raw fruits and vegetables, including lettuce and fruit salads, unless they can be peeled and you peel them yourself.
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| * Do not eat raw or rare meat and fish.
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| * Do not eat meat or shellfish that is not hot when served.
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| * Do not eat food from street vendors.
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| You can safely drink bottled water—if you are the one to break the seal—along with carbonated soft drinks, and hot drinks such as coffee or tea.
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| Depending on where you are going and how long you will stay, your doctor may recommend that you take antibiotics before leaving to protect you from possible infection.
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| ==What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)==
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| The Prognosis for diarrhea is usually good. Diarrhea is common and usually goes away on its own unless it is an underlying symptom of a chronic disease. It is important to replace lost fluid due to diarrhea because if you become severely dehydrated it can be fatal.
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| ==Sources==
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| http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/diarrhea/
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| [[Category:Patient information]]
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| [[Category:primary care]]
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| [[Category:Gastroenterology]]
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| [[Category:Water-borne diseases]]
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| [[Category:Digestive disease symptoms]]
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| [[Category:Conditions diagnosed by stool test]]
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| | == History and Symptoms == |
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| | * History should include: |
| | ** Appearance of bowel movements |
| | ** Travel history |
| | ** Associated symptoms |
| | ** Immune status |
| | ** Woodland exposure |
| | ==References== |
| | {{reflist|2}} |
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| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |
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| ==Classification== | | ==Other Imaging Findings== |
| ==Classification==
| | * [[Endoscopy]] |
| There are at least four types of diarrhea: secretory diarrhea, osmotic diarrhea, motility-related diarrhea, and inflammatory diarrhea.
| | * [[Barium enema]] |
| | | * [[Colonoscopy]] |
| ===Secretory Diarrhea===
| | * [[Sigmoidoscopy]] |
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| Secretory diarrhea means that there is an increase in the active secretion, or there is an inhibition of absorption. There is little to no structural damage. The most common cause of this type of diarrhea is a cholera toxin that stimulates the secretion of anions, especially chloride ions. Therefore, to maintain a charge balance in the lumen, [[sodium]] is carried with it, along with water.
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| ===Osmotic Diarrhea===
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| Osmotic diarrhea occurs when there is a loss of water due to a heavy osmotic load. This can occur when there is [[maldigestion]] (e.g., pancreatic disease or [[Coeliac disease]]), where the nutrients are left in the lumen, which pulls water into the lumen.
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| ===Motility-Related Diarrhea===
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| Motility-related diarrhea occurs when the motility of the gastrointestinal tract is abnormally high. If the food moves too quickly, there is not enough time for sufficient nutrients and water to be absorbed. This can be due to a [[vagotomy]] or [[diabetic neuropathy]], or a complication of [[menstruation]].
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| ===Inflammatory Diarrhea===
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| Inflammatory diarrhea occurs when there is damage to the mucosal lining or brush border, which leads to a passive loss of protein-rich fluids, and a decreased ability to absorb these lost fluids. Features of all three of the other types of diarrhea can be found in this type of diarrhea. It can be caused by bacterial infections, viral infections, parasitic infections, or autoimmune problems such as inflammatory bowel disease.
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| ===Others===
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| * [[Infectious diarrhea]] | |
| * [[Inflammatory bowel disease]] | |
| * [[Irritable bowel syndrome]] | |
| * [[Malabsorption]] | |
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| | ==Other diagnostic studies== |
| | == Other Diagnostic Studies == |
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| ==Pathophysiology Diarrhea==
| | * Breath hydrogen test |
| Normal fluid intake for an adult is about 2 L/d. The average amount of gastrointestinal secretions (composed of salivary glands, gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretions) is 7-8 L/d, depending on the weight and age. The absorptive surface of the small intestine is formed by villis that reabsorb the majority of secreted water and electrolytes. The small intestine absorbs 75% of upper GI tract secretions. The rest of the secretions absorb in the large intestine. Colon absorbs 90% of its exposed volume, means that colon is the most effective absorbing organ in the GI system.<br>
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| Decrease in the small intestine absorption, regardless of causes, may not cause diarrhea unless, there is a dysfunction in colon or the volume of the secretions exceeds the absorptive ability of the colon.
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| | * [[HIV test]]ing for those patients suspected of having HIV |
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| ==Causes==
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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| The principal cause of diarrhea stems from ingestion of unsafe [[drinking water]] (typically from admixture of raw sewage to water supplies); the occurrence is predominantly in lesser developed countries. The common causes of acute diarrhea are [[infection]], [[allergy]], [[food intolerance]], [[foodborne illness]] and/or extreme excesses of [[vitamin C]] and/or magnesium and may be accompanied by [[abdominal pain]], [[nausea]] and [[vomiting]]. Infectious diarrhea is most commonly caused by [[virus (biology)|viral]] infections or [[bacterium|bacterial]] toxins. Diarrhea can also be a principal symptom of more serious diseases, such as [[dysentery]], [[Montezuma's Revenge (illness)|Montezuma's Revenge]], [[cholera]], or [[botulism]], and can also be indicative of a chronic syndrome such as [[Crohn's disease]]. Temporary diarrhea can also result from the ingestion of [[laxative]] medications or large quantities of certain foods like prunes with laxative properties. Though [[appendicitis]] patients do not generally have diarrhea, it is a common symptom of a ruptured [[vermiform appendix|appendix]]. It is also an effect of severe [[Radiation poisoning|radiation sickness]].
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| ==Causes==
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| ===Life Threatening Causes===
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| Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
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| {{MultiCol|80%}}
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| *[[Acute appendicitis]]
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| *[[Acute kidney failure]]
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| *[[Acute pancreatitis]]
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| *[[Anaphylaxis]]
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| *[[Angioedema]]
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| *[[Carbon monoxide poisoning]]
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| *[[Digoxin warnings and precautions|Digoxin toxicity]]
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| *[[Ergotism]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| *[[Food poisoning]]
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| *[[Heavy metal poisoning]]
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| *[[Herbal extract|Herbal extract overdose]]
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| *[[Infectious diarrhea]]
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| *[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
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| *[[Insect bites and stings|Insect bite allergy]]
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| *[[Intususception]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| *[[Ischemic colitis]]
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| *[[Organophosphate poisoning]]
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| *[[Pesticide poisoning]]
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| *[[Pseudomembranous colitis]]
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| *[[Severe combined immunodeficiency]]
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| *[[Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome]]
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| *[[Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome]]
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| {{EndMultiCol}}
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| ===Common Causes===
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| {{MultiCol|80%}}
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| *[[ACE inhibitors]]
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| *[[Alcohol intoxication]]
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| *[[Alcohol withdrawal]]
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| *[[Amebiasis]]
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| *[[AIDS medical therapy#Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART)|Anti retroviral agents]]
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| *[[Antifungals]]
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| *[[Bacillary dysentery]]
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| *[[Bacterial toxin]]
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| *[[Bile acid sequestrant]]
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| *[[Campylobacter jejuni]]
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| *[[Cephalosporins]]
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| *[[Chemotherapeutic agents]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| *[[Cholestatic jaundice]]
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| *[[Citalopram]]
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| *[[Colitis]]
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| *[[Colorectal polyps]]
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| *[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
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| *[[Diverticulitis]]
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| *[[Doxycycline]]
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| *[[Entamoeba histolytica]]
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| *[[Escherichia coli]]
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| *[[Food poisoning]]
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| *[[Fosfomycin]]
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| *[[Helminthiasis]]
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| *[[Hepatitis A]]
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| *[[Hepatitis E]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| *[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
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| *[[Lactose intolerance]]
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| *[[Macrolides]]
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| *[[Malabsorption syndrome]]
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| *[[Opioid withdrawal]]
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| *[[Proton pump inhibitors]]
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| *[[Pseudomembranous colitis]]
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| *[[Radiation sickness]]
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| *[[Salmonellosis]]
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| *[[Statins]]
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| *[[Thiazide diuretics]]
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| *[[Triptans]]
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| {{EndMultiCol}}
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| ===Causes According to Pathophysiology===
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| ====Osmotic Diarrhea====
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| {{MultiCol|80%}}
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| *[[Abetalipoproteinaemia]]
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| *[[Alagille syndrome]]
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| *[[Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor]]
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| *[[Aminoglycosides]]
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| *[[Ampicillin]]
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| *[[Antacids]]
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| *[[Apolipoprotein B deficiency]]
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| *[[Ascariasis]]
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| *[[Auranofin]]
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| *[[Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome]]
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| *[[Bacitracin]]
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| *[[Biguanides]]
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| *[[Stomach cancer surgery|Billroth II procedure]]
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| *[[Blind loop syndrome]]
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| *[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
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| *[[Celiac disease]]
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| *[[Cholesteryl ester storage disease]]
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| *[[Cholestyramine]]
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| *[[Chronic granulomatous disease]]
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| *[[Chylomicron retention disease]]
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| *[[Colchicine]]
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| *[[Colestyramine]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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|
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| *[[Common variable immunodeficiency]]
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| *[[Cronkhite-Canada disease]]
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| *[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
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| *[[systemic sclerosis|Diffuse systemic sclerosis]]
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| *[[Dumping syndrome]]
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| *[[Eflornithine]]
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| *[[Fasciolopsiasis]]
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| *[[Fructose malabsorption]]
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| *[[amyloidosis|Gastrointestinal amyloidosis]]
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| *[[lymphomas|Gastrointestinal lymphomas]]
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| *[[Giardiasis]]
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| *[[Glucose-galactose malabsorption]]
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| *[[HIV]]
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| *[[Kanamycin]]
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| *[[Kwashiorkor]]
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| *[[Lactose intolerance]]
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| *[[Magnesium|Magnesium salts]]
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| *[[Malabsorption syndrome]]
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| *[[Malassimilation]]
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| *[[Mannitol]]
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| *[[Mastocytosis]]
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| *[[Ménétrier's disease]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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|
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| *[[Methyldopa]]
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| *[[Microsporidiosis]]
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| *[[Milk allergy]]
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| *[[Mixed connective tissue disease]]
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| *[[Neomycin]]
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| *[[Octreotide]]
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| *[[Orlistat]]
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| *[[laxative|Osmotic laxative]]
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| *[[Pearson syndrome]]
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| *[[Protein losing enteropathy]]
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| *[[Short bowel syndrome]]
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| *[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
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| *[[Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome]]
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| *[[Somatostatinoma]]
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| *[[Sorbitol]]
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| *[[Strongyloidiasis]]
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| *[[Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency]]
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| *[[Sucrose intolerance]]
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| *[[Tetracyclines]]
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| *[[Tropical sprue]]
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| *[[Whipple disease]]
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| {{EndMultiCol}}
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| ====Secretory Diarrhea====
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| {{MultiCol|80%}}
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| *[[Addison's disease]]
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| *[[Anaphylaxis]]
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| *[[Angioedema]]
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| *[[Anthraquinone]]
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| *[[Antidepressants]]
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| *[[Antineoplastic agents]]
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| *[[Auranofin]]
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| *[[Bacterial toxin]]
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| *[[Biguanides]]
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| *[[Bisacodyl]]
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| *[[Brainerd diarrhea]]
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| *[[Calcitonin]]
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| *[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
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| *[[Cardiac glycosides]]
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| *[[Cephalosporins]]
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| *[[Chenodeoxycholic acid]]
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| *[[Cholera]]
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| *[[Cholestatic jaundice]]
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| *[[Colchicine]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| *[[Collagenous colitis]]
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| *[[Colorectal cancer]]
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| *[[Congenital chloride diarrhea]]
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| *[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
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| *[[Diacerein]]
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| *[[Diverticulitis]]
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| *[[Gastrinoma]]
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| *[[Graves disease]]
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| *[[Heavy metal poisoning]]
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| *[[Herbal extract|Herbal extract poisoning]]
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| *[[Hyperthyroidism]]
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| *[[Hypoaldosteronism]]
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| *[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
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| *[[lymphoma|Intestinal lymphoma]]
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| *[[IPEX (syndrome)]]
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| *[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
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| *[[Lymphocytic colitis]]
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| *[[Macrolides]]
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| *[[Mastocytosis]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| *[[Medullary carcinoma of thyroid]]
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| *[[Microvillous inclusion disease]]
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| *[[Mushroom poisoning]]
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| *[[NSAIDS]]
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| *[[Olsalazine]]
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| *[[Oxyphenisatin]]
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| *[[Penicillins]]
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| *[[Pesticide poisoning]]
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| *[[Phenolphthalein]]
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| *[[sympathectomy|Postsympathectomy]]
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| *[[vagotomy|Postvagotomy]]
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| *[[Prostaglandins]]
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| *[[Ricinoleic acid]]
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| *[[Somatostatinoma]]
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| *[[Ticlopidine]]
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| *[[Vasculitis]]
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| *[[Villous adenoma]]
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| *[[VIPoma]]
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| *[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]]
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| {{EndMultiCol}}
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|
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| ====Motility Related Diarrhea====
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| {{MultiCol|80%}}
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| *[[Cephalosporins]]
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| *[[Cisapride]]
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| *[[Colchicine]]
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| *[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
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| *[[Erythromycin]]
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| *[[Hyperthyroidism]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| *[[Levothyroxine]]
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| *[[Macrolides]]
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| *[[Penicillins]]
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| *[[Abdominal surgery|Postileal resection]]
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| *[[vagotomy|Postvagotomy]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| *[[Quinolones]]
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| *[[Short bowel syndrome]]
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| *[[Sulphonamides]]
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| *[[Tetracyclines]]
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| *[[Ticlopidine]]
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| {{EndMultiCol}}
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| ===Causes According to Duration===
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|
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| ====Acute Diarrhea====
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| {{MultiCol|80%}}
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| * [[Addison's disease]]
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| * [[Appendicitis]]
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| * Bacterial:
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| ** [[Aeromonas]]
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| ** [[Campylobacter jejuni]]
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| ** [[Chlamydia]]
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| ** [[Clostridium difficile]]
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| ** [[Escherichia coli|E.coli]]
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| ** [[Enterobacter]]
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| ** [[Klebsiella]]
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| ** [[Neisseria gonorrhea]]
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| ** [[Plesiomonas]]
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| ** [[Salmonella]]
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| ** [[Shigella]]
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| ** [[Staphylococcus aureus]]
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| ** [[Vibrio cholerae]]
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| ** [[Yersinia enterocolitica]]
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| *[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
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| * [[Parafollicular cell|C-cell carcinoma]]
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| * [[inflammatory bowel disease|Chronic inflammatory bowel disease]]
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| * [[Colitis]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| * Drugs:
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| ** [[Laxative#Laxative Abuse|Abuse of laxatives]]
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| ** [[Alcohol]]
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| ** [[Antibiotics]]
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| ** [[Biguanides]]
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| ** [[Cefpodoxime]]
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| ** [[Chemotherapeutics]]
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| ** [[Chemotherapy]]
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| ** [[Cholestyramine|Cholestyramin]]
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| ** [[Digitalis]]
| |
| ** [[Diuretics]]
| |
| ** [[Ergotamine]]
| |
| ** [[Hydralazine]]
| |
| ** [[Hydrochlorothiazide]]
| |
| ** [[Mercaptopurine]]
| |
| ** [[Opiate withdrawal]]
| |
| ** [[Parasympathomimetics]]
| |
| **[[Physostigmine]]
| |
| ** [[Quinidine]]
| |
| ** [[Rabeprazole]]
| |
| ** [[Reserpine]]
| |
| ** [[Warfarin]]
| |
| * Food:
| |
| ** [[Bacillus cereus]]
| |
| ** [[Clostridium perfringens]]
| |
| ** [[Staphylococcus aureus]]
| |
| {{ColBreak}}
| |
| * [[Allergy|Food allergy]]
| |
| * [[Graft versus host reaction]]
| |
| * [[Heavy metal intoxication]]
| |
| * [[HIV]]
| |
| * [[Hyperthyroidism]]
| |
| * [[Irritable bowel syndrome]] (IBS)
| |
| * [[Lactose intolerance]]
| |
| * [[Neuroendocrine tumors]]
| |
| * Parasites:
| |
| ** [[Cryptosporidium]]
| |
| ** [[Entamoeba histolytica]]
| |
| ** [[Giardia intestinalis]]
| |
| * Viral:
| |
| ** [[Adenovirus]]
| |
| ** [[Coxsackie virus]]
| |
| ** [[Cytomegalovirus]] ([[CMV]])
| |
| ** [[Echovirus]]
| |
| ** [[Influenza virus]]
| |
| ** [[Norwalk virus]]
| |
| ** [[Poliovirus]]
| |
| ** [[Rotavirus]]
| |
| {{EndMultiCol}}
| |
|
| |
| ====Chronic Diarrhea====
| |
| {{MultiCol|80%}}
| |
| * [[Achylia]]
| |
| * [[Addison's Disease]]
| |
| * [[Amebiasis]]
| |
| * [[Amyloidosis]]
| |
| * [[Anxiety]]
| |
| * [[Neuropathy|Autonomous neuropathy]]
| |
| * [[Bacterial gastroenteritis]]
| |
| * [[Bacterial toxin]]
| |
| * [[Behcet syndrome]]
| |
| * [[Malabsorption|Bile acid malabsorption]]
| |
| * [[Biliary fistula]]
| |
| * [[Carcinoid syndrome]]
| |
| * [[Pancreatic cancer|Carcinoma of the pancreas]]
| |
| * [[Celiac Sprue]]
| |
| * [[Chronic inflammatory bowel disease]]
| |
| * [[Collagenous colitis]]
| |
| * [[Colon cancer]]
| |
| * [[Colorectal polyps]]
| |
| * [[Cryptosporidiosis]]
| |
| * [[Enteropathy|Diabetic enteropathy]]
| |
| * [[Diverticular disease]]
| |
| {{ColBreak}}
| |
| * Drugs:
| |
| ** [[Antacids]]
| |
| ** [[Anthraquinone]]
| |
| ** [[Castor oil]]
| |
| **[[Elvitegravir]]
| |
| ** [[Lactulose]]
| |
| ** [[Levofloxacin]]
| |
| ** [[Mannitol]]
| |
| ** [[Sorbitol]]
| |
| * [[Dumping syndrome]]
| |
| * Excess [[coffee]], [[tea]]
| |
| * [[Fecal impaction]]
| |
| * [[fistula|Gastrocolic fistula]]
| |
| * [[Giardia]]
| |
| * [[Hyperthyroidism]]
| |
| * [[HIV]]
| |
| * [[primary lymphedema|Idiopathic lymphangiectasis]]
| |
| * [[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
| |
| * [[Lymphocytic colitis]]
| |
| * [[Lymphomas]]
| |
| * [[Malabsorption]]
| |
| * [[Maldigestion]]
| |
| * [[Medullary thyroid carcinoma]]
| |
| {{ColBreak}}
| |
| * [[Neuroendocrine tumors]]
| |
| * [[Nontropical sprue]]
| |
| * [[Obstructive jaundice]]
| |
| * Parasites:
| |
| ** [[Ascariasis]]
| |
| ** [[Hookworm]]
| |
| ** [[Whipworm]]
| |
| * [[Pellagra]]
| |
| * [[Polyarteritis]]
| |
| * [[Abdominal surgery|Postileal resection]]
| |
| * [[vagotomy|Postvagotomy]]
| |
| * [[Prostaglandins]]
| |
| * [[Proctitis|Radiation proctitis]]
| |
| * [[Rectal prolapse surgery|Rectal surgery]]
| |
| * [[Scleroderma]]
| |
| * [[Short bowel syndrome]]
| |
| * [[Tuberculosis]]
| |
| * [[Verner-Morrison syndrome]]
| |
| * [[Villous adenoma]]
| |
| * [[Villous carcinoma]]
| |
| * [[Whipple's disease]]
| |
| {{EndMultiCol}}
| |
|
| |
| ===Causes by Organ System===
| |
| {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
| |
| |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
| |
| |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Portal vein thrombosis]], [[superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Acrodynia]],
| |
| [[Amlodipine besylate and Atorvastatin calcium trihydrate]],
| |
| [[zinc|acute zinc toxicity]],
| |
| [[arsenic poisoning]], [[Azacitidine]] , [[Cabozantinib]]
| |
| [[carbamate insecticide poisoning]],
| |
| [[carbon monoxide poisoning]],
| |
| [[chlordane|chlordane toxicity]],
| |
| [[chloroform|chloroform toxicity]],
| |
| [[Copper|copper toxicity]],
| |
| [[diazinon|diazinon poisoning]],
| |
| [[Glutaraldehyde|glutaraldehyde toxicity]],
| |
| [[heavy metal poisoning]],
| |
| [[lead poisoning]],
| |
| [[mercury poisoning]],
| |
| [[metal fume fever]],
| |
| [[Naphthalene|naphthalene poisoning]],
| |
| [[organophosphate poisoning]],
| |
| [[Paraquat|paraquat toxicity]],
| |
| [[Selenium|selenium toxicity]],
| |
| [[thallium|thallium toxicity]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Dermatologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrodermatitis enteropathica]], [[necrotizing fasciitis]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Drug Side Effect'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Ambenonium]],
| |
| [[2C-B]],
| |
| [[5-HT3 antagonist]],
| |
| [[tryptamine|5-methoxy-diisopropyl tryptamine]],
| |
| [[abacavir]],
| |
| [[Acamprosate calcium]],
| |
| [[acarbose]],
| |
| [[acebutolol]],
| |
| [[Acetylcysteine]],
| |
| [[acyclovir]],
| |
| [[acitretin]],
| |
| [[aconitine]],
| |
| [[adefovir]],
| |
| [[afatinib]],
| |
| [[alatrofloxacin]],
| |
| [[albendazole]],
| |
| [[aldesleukin]],
| |
| [[Alemtuzumab]],
| |
| [[alendronate]],
| |
| [[aliskiren]],
| |
| [[allopurinol]],
| |
| [[alosetron]],
| |
| [[alpha-amanitin]],
| |
| [[alpha-glucosidase inhibitor]],
| |
| [[alprazolam]],
| |
| [[altretamine]],
| |
| [[ambenonium chloride]],
| |
| [[amifostine]],
| |
| [[amiloride]],
| |
| [[aminocaproic acid]],
| |
| [[aminophylline]],
| |
| [[amlexanox]],
| |
| [[amlodipine]],
| |
| [[Amlodipine besylate and Atorvastatin calcium trihydrate]],
| |
| [[ammonium lauryl sulfate]],
| |
| [[amoxicillin]],
| |
| [[amphetamine]],
| |
| [[amphotericin B]],
| |
| [[amprenavir]],
| |
| [[amitriptyline]],
| |
| [[anadenanthera peregrina]],
| |
| [[anagrelide]],
| |
| [[anakinra]],
| |
| [[anastrozole]],
| |
| [[Anidulafungin]],
| |
| [[anisindione]],
| |
| [[Apremilast]],
| |
| [[aprepitant]],
| |
| [[atazanavir]],
| |
| [[atenolol]],
| |
| [[atorvastatin]],
| |
| [[atovaquone]],
| |
| [[Atropine]],
| |
| [[auranofin]],
| |
| [[azithromycin]],
| |
| [[aztreonam]],
| |
| [[bacitracin]],
| |
| [[baclofen]],
| |
| [[barium nitrate]],
| |
| [[barium sulfate]],
| |
| [[Basiliximab]],
| |
| [[Benzphetamine]],
| |
| [[benazepril]],
| |
| [[bentiromide]],
| |
| [[bepridil]],
| |
| [[betaxolol]],
| |
| [[Bethanechol chloride]],
| |
| [[bevacizumab]],
| |
| [[bezafibrate]],
| |
| [[bicalutamide]],
| |
| [[biguanide]],
| |
| [[bisacodyl]],
| |
| [[bisoprolol]],
| |
| [[bortezomib]],
| |
| [[Bosutinib]],
| |
| [[bromocriptine]],
| |
| [[brompheniramine]],
| |
| [[bumetanide]],
| |
| [[buspirone]],
| |
| [[busulfan]],
| |
| [[candesartan]],
| |
| [[capecitabine]],
| |
| [[carbamazepine]],
| |
| [[carbidopa]],
| |
| [[carboplatin]],
| |
| [[carvedilol]],
| |
| [[cefaclor]],
| |
| [[cefadroxil]],
| |
| [[cefamandole nafate]],
| |
| [[cefazolin]],
| |
| [[cefazolin]],
| |
| [[cefdinir]],
| |
| [[Cefditoren]],
| |
| [[cefepime]],
| |
| [[Cefixime]],
| |
| [[cefoperazone]],
| |
| [[cefotaxime]],
| |
| [[cefotetan disodium]],
| |
| [[cefoxitin]],
| |
| [[cefpodoxime]],
| |
| [[Cefprozil]],
| |
| [[Ceftaroline fosamil]],
| |
| [[ceftazidime]],
| |
| [[Ceftibuten]],
| |
| [[ceftizoxime]],
| |
| [[ceftriaxone]],
| |
| [[cefuroxime]],
| |
| [[cephalexin]],
| |
| [[cephradine]],
| |
| [[Ceritinib]],
| |
| [[cerivastatin]],
| |
| [[cetuximab]],
| |
| [[cevimeline]],
| |
| [[Chenodiol]],
| |
| [[chloral hydrate]],
| |
| [[chlorambucil]],
| |
| [[chlordiazepoxide]],
| |
| [[chlorodyne]],
| |
| [[chlorothiazide]],
| |
| [[chlorpheniramine]],
| |
| [[Chlorpropamide]],
| |
| [[chlorthalidone]],
| |
| [[cholestyramine]],
| |
| [[ciclosporin]],
| |
| [[cidofovir]],
| |
| [[cilostazol]],,
| |
| [[cinacalcet]],
| |
| [[cisapride]],
| |
| [[citalopram]],
| |
| [[cladribine]],
| |
| [[clamoxyquine]],
| |
| [[clarithromycin]],
| |
| [[clavulanic acid]],
| |
| [[clindamycin]],
| |
| [[clofarabine]],
| |
| [[clofibrate]],
| |
| [[clomipramine]],
| |
| [[clonazepam]],
| |
| [[clopidogrel]],
| |
| [[clorazepate]],
| |
| [[Conjugated estrogens/bazedoxifene]],
| |
| [[colchicine]],
| |
| [[colistimethate]],
| |
| [[conjugated estrogens]],
| |
| [[Crizotinib]],
| |
| [[cyclophosphamide]],
| |
| [[cyproheptadine]],
| |
| [[cytarabine]],
| |
| [[dactinomycin]],
| |
| [[dalfopristin]],
| |
| [[dantrolene]],
| |
| [[daptomycin]],
| |
| [[darbepoetin alfa]],
| |
| [[darifenacin]],
| |
| [[darunavir]],
| |
| [[dasatinib]],
| |
| [[daunorubicin]],
| |
| [[deferasirox]],
| |
| [[delavirdine]],
| |
| [[demeclocycline]],
| |
| [[Denileukin diftitox]]
| |
| [[deracoxib]],
| |
| [[desoxyn]],
| |
| [[Dexchlorpheniramine]],
| |
| [[dextroamphetamine]],
| |
| [[dextromethorphan]],
| |
| [[diacerein]],
| |
| [[diazepam]],
| |
| [[diclofenac]],
| |
| [[dicloxacillin]],
| |
| [[didanosine]],
| |
| [[diflunisal]],
| |
| [[digitoxin]],
| |
| [[digoxin]],
| |
| [[diltiazem]],
| |
| [[dipyridamole]],
| |
| [[dirithromycin]],
| |
| [[disopyramide]],
| |
| [[docetaxel]],
| |
| [[dofetilide]],
| |
| [[dolasetron]],
| |
| [[donepezil]],
| |
| [[doripenem]],
| |
| [[doxorubicin]],
| |
| [[doxycycline]],
| |
| [[DTPA]],
| |
| [[duloxetine]],
| |
| [[Ecallantide]],
| |
| [[eculizumab]],
| |
| [[efavirenz]],
| |
| [[Elvitegravir]],
| |
| [[emtricitabine]],
| |
| [[Emtricitabine, Rilpivirine Hydrochloride, And Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate]]
| |
| [[enalapril]],
| |
| [[endosulfan]],
| |
| [[enoxacin]],
| |
| [[entacapone]],
| |
| [[Epirubicin hydrochloride]],
| |
| [[eplerenone]],
| |
| [[epoetin alfa]],
| |
| [[ergotamine]],
| |
| [[erlotinib]],
| |
| [[Eliglustat]],
| |
| [[erythromycin]],
| |
| [[esomeprazole]],
| |
| [[estazolam]],
| |
| [[estradiol]],
| |
| [[ethacrynic acid]],
| |
| [[ethosuximide]],
| |
| [[etidronate]],
| |
| [[etodolac]],
| |
| [[etoposide]],
| |
| [[exemestane]],
| |
| [[exenatide]],
| |
| [[ezetimibe]],
| |
| [[famciclovir]],
| |
| [[famotidine]],
| |
| [[felbamate]],
| |
| [[Ferric oxyhydroxide]],
| |
| [[fexofenadine]],
| |
| [[floxuridine]],
| |
| [[foscarnet sodium]],
| |
| [[fluconazole]],
| |
| [[flucytosine]],
| |
| [[fludarabine]],
| |
| [[fluoride]],
| |
| [[fluorouracil]],
| |
| [[fluoxetine]],
| |
| [[flurazepam]],
| |
| [[Flurbiprofen]],
| |
| [[flutamide]],
| |
| [[fluticasone]],
| |
| [[fluvastatin]],
| |
| [[fluvoxamine]],
| |
| [[fosamprenavir]],
| |
| [[foscarnet]],
| |
| [[fosinopril]],
| |
| [[frovatriptan]],
| |
| [[fulvestrant]],
| |
| [[gabapentin]],
| |
| [[galantamine]],
| |
| [[ganciclovir]],
| |
| [[gatifloxacin]],
| |
| [[gefitinib]],
| |
| [[gemcitabine]],
| |
| [[gemeprost]],
| |
| [[gemfibrozil]],
| |
| [[glatiramer]],
| |
| [[Glipizide]],
| |
| [[Glyburide and Metformin]],
| |
| [[glycopyrrolate]],
| |
| [[granisetron]],
| |
| [[griseofulvin]],
| |
| [[guanethidine]],
| |
| [[guanfacine]],
| |
| [[hydralazine]],
| |
| [[hydrochlorothiazide]],
| |
| [[hydroxychloroquine]],
| |
| [[Hydroxyprogesterone caproate]]
| |
| [[hydroxyurea]],
| |
| [[hyoscyamine]],
| |
| [[ibandronate]],
| |
| [[Ibritumomab Tiuxetan]]
| |
| [[ibuprofen]],
| |
| [[idarubicin]],
| |
| [[Idelalisib]],
| |
| [[Idursulfase]],
| |
| [[imatinib]],
| |
| [[Imiglucerase]]
| |
| [[infliximab]],
| |
| [[interferon alfacon-1 ]],
| |
| [[Interferon alfa-2b ]] ,
| |
| [[interferon beta-1b]],
| |
| [[irinotecan hydrochloride]],
| |
| [[iron supplements]],
| |
| [[isocarboxazid]],
| |
| [[isradipine]],
| |
| [[itraconazole]],
| |
| [[Ivacaftor]],
| |
| [[Ivermectin]],
| |
| [[Ixabepilone]],
| |
| [[ketoconazole]],
| |
| [[Ketorolac tromethamine]],
| |
| [[Lactulose]],
| |
| [[lamivudine]],
| |
| [[lamotrigine]],
| |
| [[lanreotide]],
| |
| [[lansoprazole]],
| |
| [[lanthanum]],[[Lapatinib]],
| |
| [[leflunomide]],
| |
| [[lenalidomide]],
| |
| [[letrozole]],
| |
| [[leuprolide]],
| |
| [[levalbuterol]],
| |
| [[levetiracetam]],
| |
| [[Lenvatinib]],
| |
| [[levocarnitine]],
| |
| [[levodopa]],
| |
| [[levofloxacin]],
| |
| [[Linaclotide]],
| |
| [[Lincomycin Hydrochloride]],
| |
| [[linezolid]],
| |
| [[liothyronine sodium]],
| |
| [[lisinopril]],
| |
| [[lithium]],
| |
| [[lomefloxacin]],
| |
| [[lopinavir]],
| |
| [[loracarbef]],
| |
| [[loratadine]],
| |
| [[lorazepam]],
| |
| [[loxapine]],
| |
| [[magnesium hydroxide]],
| |
| [[mebendazole]],
| |
| [[mechlorethamine]],
| |
| [[meclofenamate]],
| |
| [[Mercaptopurine]],
| |
| [[mefenamic acid]],
| |
| [[mefloquine]],
| |
| [[megestrol]],
| |
| [[Meloxicam]],
| |
| [[meprobamate]],
| |
| [[mercaptopurine]],
| |
| [[meropenem]],
| |
| [[mesalazine]],
| |
| [[mesna]],
| |
| [[mesoridazine]],
| |
| [[Metirosine]],
| |
| [[metformin]],
| |
| [[methamphetamine]],
| |
| [[methenamine]],
| |
| [[methotrexate]],
| |
| [[methoxychlor]],
| |
| [[methsuximide]],
| |
| [[methyclothiazide]],
| |
| [[methylergonovine]],
| |
| [[methyprylon]],
| |
| [[metoclopramide]],
| |
| [[metolachlor]],
| |
| [[metolazone]],
| |
| [[metoprolol]],
| |
| [[metronidazole]],
| |
| [[Micafungin sodium]],
| |
| [[miconazole]],
| |
| [[mifepristone]],
| |
| [[miglitol]],
| |
| [[Miglustat]],
| |
| [[miltefosine]]
| |
| [[minocycline]],
| |
| [[misoprostol]],
| |
| [[mitotane]],
| |
| [[mitoxantrone]],
| |
| [[moclobemide]],
| |
| [[modafinil]],
| |
| [[moexipril]],
| |
| [[moricizine]],
| |
| [[moxifloxacin]],
| |
| [[mycophenolate]],
| |
| [[nabumetone]],
| |
| [[nafcillin]],
| |
| [[naltrexone]],
| |
| [[naphthalene]],
| |
| [[naproxen and esomeprazole magnesium]],
| |
| [[natalizumab]],
| |
| [[natamycin]],
| |
| [[nateglinide]],
| |
| [[nelfinavir]],
| |
| [[nevirapine]],
| |
| [[Niacin/simvastatin]],
| |
| [[niclosamide]],
| |
| [[Nilotinib]],
| |
| [[Nintedanib]],
| |
| [[nizatidine]],
| |
| [[norfloxacin]],
| |
| [[nystatin]],
| |
| [[ofloxacin]],
| |
| [[Olsalazine]],
| |
| [[omalizumab]],
| |
| [[omeprazole]],
| |
| [[ondansetron]],
| |
| [[oseltamivir]],
| |
| [[oxaliplatin]],
| |
| [[oxazepam]],
| |
| [[oxcarbazepine]],
| |
| [[oxtriphylline]],
| |
| [[oxybutynin]],
| |
| [[Palbociclib]],
| |
| [[palivizumab]],
| |
| [[pancrelipase]],
| |
| [[Panitumumab]],
| |
| [[pantoprazole]],
| |
| [[Paromomycin sulfate]],
| |
| [[Paroxetine]],
| |
| [[Pasireotide]],
| |
| [[pegaspargase]],
| |
| [[peginterferon alfa-2a]],
| |
| [[peginterferon alfa-2b]],
| |
| [[pemetrexed]],
| |
| [[pemoline]],
| |
| [[penbutolol]],
| |
| [[penicillin]],
| |
| [[pentamidine]],
| |
| [[pentostatin]],
| |
| [[pergolide]],
| |
| [[perindopril]],
| |
| [[perphenazine]],
| |
| [[Pertuzumab]],
| |
| [[phenazopyridine]],
| |
| [[Phenoxymethylpenicillin]],
| |
| [[phentermine]],
| |
| [[pilocarpine]],
| |
| [[pimecrolimus]],
| |
| [[pimozide]],
| |
| [[Pirfenidone]],
| |
| [[piroxicam]],
| |
| [[Plerixafor]],
| |
| [[Potassium iodide]],
| |
| [[plicamycin]],
| |
| [[polythiazide]],
| |
| [[posaconazole]],
| |
| [[Potassium chloride]],
| |
| [[Potassium citrate]],
| |
| [[pramipexole]],
| |
| [[pramlintide]],
| |
| [[prazepam]],
| |
| [[praziquantel]],
| |
| [[prazosin]],
| |
| [[procainamide]],
| |
| [[procarbazine]],
| |
| [[promethazine]],
| |
| [[propafenone]],
| |
| [[propranolol]],
| |
| [[permethrin]],
| |
| [[protriptyline]],
| |
| [[pseudoephedrine]],
| |
| [[Pyrantel pamoate]],
| |
| [[pyridostigmine]],
| |
| [[quinapril]],
| |
| [[quinidine]],
| |
| [[quinupristin]],
| |
| [[rabeprazole]],
| |
| [[Radium chloride]],
| |
| [[ramipril]],
| |
| [[Ramucirumab]],
| |
| [[ranitidine]],
| |
| [[rasagiline]],
| |
| [[Rasburicase]],
| |
| [[repaglinide]],
| |
| [[reserpine]],
| |
| [[retapamulin]],
| |
| [[ribavirin]],
| |
| [[rifabutin]],
| |
| [[rifampin]],
| |
| [[rilmenidine]],
| |
| [[riluzole]],
| |
| [[risedronate]],
| |
| [[risperidone]],
| |
| [[ritonavir]],
| |
| [[rituximab]],
| |
| [[rivastigmine]],
| |
| [[rizatriptan]],
| |
| [[Riluzole]],
| |
| [[roflumilast]],
| |
| [[Sacrosidase]],
| |
| [[salsalate]],
| |
| [[saquinavir mesylate]],
| |
| [[Saxagliptin hydrochloride and Metformin hydrochloride]]
| |
| [[sargramostim]],
| |
| [[Secukinumab]],
| |
| [[selegiline]],
| |
| [[sevelamer]],
| |
| [[sildenafil]],
| |
| [[Siltuximab]],
| |
| [[simethicone]],
| |
| [[simvastatin]],
| |
| [[sirolimus]],
| |
| [[sitagliptin]],
| |
| [[sodium oxybate]],
| |
| [[sodium picosulfate]],
| |
| [[sodium polystyrene sulfonate]],
| |
| [[solanine]],
| |
| [[solifenacin]],
| |
| [[sorafenib]],
| |
| [[sotalol]],
| |
| [[sparfloxacin]],
| |
| [[spironolactone]],
| |
| [[stavudine]],
| |
| [[streptozocin]],
| |
| [[sulfadiazine]],
| |
| [[sulfasalazine]],
| |
| [[sulfisoxazole]],
| |
| [[sulfisoxazole]],
| |
| [[sulindac]],
| |
| [[sumatriptan]],
| |
| [[sunitinib]],
| |
| [[tacrine]],
| |
| [[Tacrolimus]],
| |
| [[tamsulosin]],
| |
| [[tedizolid]],
| |
| [[tegaserod]],
| |
| [[telbivudine]],
| |
| [[telithromycin]],
| |
| [[telmisartan]],
| |
| [[temozolomide]],
| |
| [[teniposide]],
| |
| [[tenofovir]],
| |
| [[terbinafine]],
| |
| [[teriparatide]],
| |
| [[tetraferric tricitrate decahydrate]],
| |
| [[Thallous Chloride Tl 201]],
| |
| [[theophylline]],
| |
| [[thiabendazole]],
| |
| [[thioguanine]],
| |
| [[thioridazine]],
| |
| [[thiothixene]],
| |
| [[thyroxine]],
| |
| [[ticlopidine]],
| |
| [[Tigecycline]],
| |
| [[tiludronate]],
| |
| [[tipranavir]],
| |
| [[tocopherol]],
| |
| [[tolcapone]],
| |
| [[Tolmetin]],
| |
| [[topiramate]],
| |
| [[topotecan]],
| |
| [[Trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide]],
| |
| [[trandolapril]],
| |
| [[tranylcypromine]],
| |
| [[trastuzumab]],
| |
| [[trazodone]],
| |
| [[treprostinil]],
| |
| [[Tretinoin]],
| |
| [[triamterene]],
| |
| [[triazolam]],
| |
| [[trifluoperazine]],
| |
| [[trihexyphenidyl]],
| |
| [[trimeprazine]],
| |
| [[trimethadione]],
| |
| [[trimethobenzamide]],
| |
| [[trimetrexate glucuronate]],
| |
| [[trimipramine]],
| |
| [[triprolidine]],
| |
| [[trovafloxacin]],
| |
| [[valacyclovir]],
| |
| [[valganciclovir]],
| |
| [[valproic acid]],
| |
| [[valsartan]],
| |
| [[verapamil]],
| |
| [[Vandetanib]],
| |
| [[Vilazodone]],
| |
| [[vinblastine]],
| |
| [[voriconazole]],
| |
| [[vorinostat]],
| |
| [[zanamivir]],
| |
| [[Zafirlukast]],
| |
| [[zidovudine]],
| |
| [[ziprasidone]],
| |
| [[zoledronic acid]],
| |
| [[zolmitriptan]],
| |
| [[Zoledronate]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Otitis media|Otitis media in children]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Endocrine'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Addison's disease]],
| |
| [[carcinoid syndrome]],
| |
| [[diabetes insipidus]],
| |
| [[diabetic neuropathy]],
| |
| [[glucagonoma]],
| |
| [[Graves disease]],
| |
| [[hyperthyroidism]],
| |
| [[hypoaldosteronism]],
| |
| [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]]
| |
| [[neuroendocrine tumors]],
| |
| [[somatostatinoma]],
| |
| [[subacute thyroiditis]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Environmental'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[List of poisonous plants|Abrus precatorious]], [[agastache rugosa]], [[alchornea castaneifolia]], [[Amanita phalloides|amanita phalloides poisoning]], [[amnesic shellfish poisoning]], [[Azalea|azalea poisoning]], [[Bee sting|bee stings]], [[datura stramonium|datura stramonium poisoning]], [[endosulfan|endosulfan toxication]], [[food poisoning]], [[Herbal extract|herbal extract overdose]], [[Grayanotoxin|honey intoxication]], [[Insect bites and stings|insect bite allergy]], [[isomalt|isomalt toxicity]], [[lycorine]], [[marine toxins]], [[mushroom poisoning]], [[narcissus pseudonarcissus]], [[oleander poisoning]], [[pesticide poisoning]], [[phytohaemagglutinin|phytohaemagglutinin poisoning]], [[phytolacca americana#toxicity|phytolacca americana toxicity]], [[ricin|ricinus communis poisoning]], [[snakebites]], [[solanine|solanine poisoning]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Gastroenterologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Abdominal abscess]],
| |
| [[abdominal cancer]],
| |
| [[achlorhydria]],
| |
| [[acute appendicitis]],
| |
| [[acute gastritis]],
| |
| [[bile acid sequestrant]],
| |
| [[biliary atresia]],
| |
| [[biliary tract cancer]],
| |
| [[blind loop syndrome]],
| |
| [[caecitis]],
| |
| [[carcinoid syndrome]],
| |
| [[celiac disease]],
| |
| [[cholestatic jaundice]],
| |
| [[colitis]],
| |
| [[Megacolon other imaging findings|colonic inertia]],
| |
| [[colonic malakoplakia]],
| |
| [[colonic villous adenomata]],
| |
| [[colorectal cancer]],
| |
| [[colorectal polyps]],
| |
| [[Crohn's disease]],
| |
| [[diverticulitis]],
| |
| [[enteritis]],
| |
| [[vaginal prolapse|enterocele]],
| |
| [[enterocolitis]],
| |
| [[food poisoning]],
| |
| [[fructose malabsorption]],
| |
| [[gastric dumping syndrome]],
| |
| [[gastrinoma]],
| |
| [[gastritis]],
| |
| [[neuroendocrine tumor|gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor]],
| |
| [[gastroenteritis]],
| |
| [[amyloidosis|gastrointestinal amyloidosis]],
| |
| [[glucose-galactose malabsorption]],
| |
| [[gluten sensitivity]],
| |
| [[Habba Syndrome|Habba syndrome]]
| |
| [[ileitis]],
| |
| [[inflammatory bowel disease]],
| |
| [[Primary lymphedema|intestinal lymphangiectasis]],
| |
| [[intestinal pseudoobstruction]],
| |
| [[intususception]],
| |
| [[irritable bowel syndrome]],
| |
| [[ischemic colitis]],
| |
| [[lactose intolerance]],
| |
| [[listeriosis]],
| |
| [[malabsorption syndrome]],
| |
| [[malassimilation]],
| |
| [[Meckel diverticulitis]],
| |
| [[polyposis]],
| |
| [[proctitis]],
| |
| [[protein losing enteropathy]],
| |
| [[tropical sprue]],
| |
| [[ulcerative colitis]],
| |
| [[Whipple's disease]],
| |
| [[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Genetic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency]],
| |
| [[3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency]],
| |
| [[abetalipoproteinaemia]],
| |
| [[Arakawa's syndrome II]],
| |
| [[aromatic amino acid decarboxylase deficiency]],
| |
| [[aspartylglycosaminuria]],
| |
| [[Baber's syndrome]],
| |
| [[Brown-symmers disease]],
| |
| [[congenital adrenal hyperplasia]],
| |
| [[congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1B]],
| |
| [[Intrinsic factor|congenital intrinsic factor deficiency]],
| |
| [[congenital short bowel syndrome]],
| |
| [[congenital toxoplasmosis]],
| |
| [[Cornelia de Lange syndrome 2]],
| |
| [[Cronkhite-Canada disease]],
| |
| [[dibasic aminoaciduria 2]],
| |
| [[Fabry's disease]],
| |
| [[familial amyloid polyneuropathy]],
| |
| [[galactosemia]],
| |
| [[Gardner's syndrome]],
| |
| [[Gilbert's syndrome]],
| |
| [[glutathione synthetase deficiency]],
| |
| [[Hartnup disease]],
| |
| [[hereditary angioedema]],
| |
| [[HNPCC]],
| |
| [[hyper IgM syndrome]],
| |
| [[hyperlipoproteinemia type I]],
| |
| [[inborn amino acid metabolism disorder]],
| |
| [[juvenile polyposis syndrome]],
| |
| [[lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia]],
| |
| [[malonic aciduria]],
| |
| [[malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency]],
| |
| [[mucopolysaccharidosis]],
| |
| [[neuroblastoma]],
| |
| [[neurofibromatosis]],
| |
| [[Sanfilippo syndrome]],
| |
| [[Slone's disease]],
| |
| [[sphingolipidosis]],
| |
| [[sucrase-isomaltase deficiency]],
| |
| [[Turcot syndrome]],
| |
| [[very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency]],
| |
| [[Von Gierke disease]],
| |
| [[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]],
| |
| [[X-linked agammaglobulinaemia]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Hematologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Amyloidosis]],
| |
| [[hereditary angioedema|C1 esterase inhibitor]],
| |
| [[chronic myeloproliferative disorders]],
| |
| [[hyper IgM syndrome]],
| |
| [[idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome]],
| |
| [[megaloblastic anemia]],
| |
| [[myleofibrosis]],
| |
| [[neutropenia]],
| |
| [[porphyria]]
| |
| [[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]],
| |
| [[X-linked agammaglobulinaemia]]
| |
|
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Iatrogenic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Adjustable gastric band]],
| |
| [[colonoscopy]],
| |
| [[dumping syndrome]],
| |
| [[graft versus host disease]],
| |
| [[percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy]],
| |
| [[Abdominal surgery|postileal resection]],
| |
| [[vagotomy|postvagotomy]],
| |
| [[Proctitis|radiation proctitis]],
| |
| [[Rectal prolapse surgery|rectal surgery]],
| |
| [[radiation sickness]],
| |
| [[short bowel syndrome]],
| |
| [[vaccination]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Infectious Disease'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Adenophorea]],
| |
| [[adenoviridae]],
| |
| [[aeromonas hydrophila]],
| |
| [[AIDS]],
| |
| [[amebiasis]],
| |
| [[ancylostoma duodenale]],
| |
| [[anguillulosis]],
| |
| [[anthrax]],
| |
| [[ascariasis]],
| |
| [[astrovirus]],
| |
| [[bacillary dysentery]],
| |
| [[bacillus cereus]],
| |
| [[bacterial toxin]],
| |
| [[balantidiasis]],
| |
| [[beef tapeworm]],
| |
| [[blastocystis hominis]],
| |
| [[borrelia anserina]],
| |
| [[botulism]],
| |
| [[campylobacter jejuni]],
| |
| [[candida]],
| |
| [[capillaria]],
| |
| [[cestoda]],
| |
| [[ciguatera poisoning]],
| |
| [[clostridium difficile]],
| |
| [[clostridium perfringens]],
| |
| [[clostridium sordellii]],
| |
| [[clostridium welchii]],
| |
| [[coccidia]],
| |
| [[cryptosporidiosis]],
| |
| [[cyclosporiasis]],
| |
| [[cysticercosis]],
| |
| [[cytomegalovirus]],
| |
| [[dientamoeba fragilis]],
| |
| [[diphyllobothrium infection]],
| |
| [[dipylidium caninum infection]],
| |
| [[Ebola]],
| |
| [[echinococcosis]],
| |
| [[ehrlichiosis]],
| |
| [[entamoeba histolytica]],
| |
| [[escherichia coli]],
| |
| [[fasciolopsiasis]],
| |
| [[filariasis]],
| |
| [[flavivirus]],
| |
| [[fusarium venenatum]],
| |
| [[giardia lamblia]],
| |
| [[hantavirus pulmonary syndrome]],
| |
| [[helminthiasis]],
| |
| [[hepatitis A]],
| |
| [[hepatitis B]],
| |
| [[hepatitis C]],
| |
| [[hepatitis D]],
| |
| [[hepatitis E]],
| |
| [[hepatitis X]],
| |
| [[hookworm infection]],
| |
| [[isosporiasis]],
| |
| [[katayama fever]],
| |
| [[lassa fever]],
| |
| [[legionella pneumophila]],
| |
| [[legionnaires' disease]],
| |
| [[leptospirosis]],
| |
| [[lymphogranuloma venereum]],
| |
| [[malaria]],
| |
| [[marburg virus]],
| |
| [[measles]],
| |
| [[metagonimiasis]],
| |
| [[mycobacterium avium complex]],
| |
| [[norwalk gastroenteritis]],
| |
| [[opisthorchis infection]],
| |
| [[paragonimus infection]],
| |
| [[pelvic abscess]],
| |
| [[pseudomembranous colitis]],
| |
| [[psittacosis]],
| |
| [[Q fever]],
| |
| [[rhabditida]],
| |
| [[rotavirus]],
| |
| [[roundworm]],
| |
| [[salmonellosis]],
| |
| [[sarcocystis]],
| |
| [[schistosomiasis]],
| |
| [[secernentea]],
| |
| [[shigellosis]],
| |
| [[small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome]],
| |
| [[staphylococcal food poisoning]],
| |
| [[staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome]],
| |
| [[streptobacillus]],
| |
| [[streptococcal infections]],
| |
| [[strongyloides]],
| |
| [[tapeworms]],
| |
| [[trematoda]],
| |
| [[trichinella spiralis]],
| |
| [[trichinosis]],
| |
| [[trichuriasis]],
| |
| [[tularemia]],
| |
| [[typhoid fever]],
| |
| [[vancomycin]],
| |
| [[vibrio cholerae]],
| |
| [[Vibrio|vibrio mimicus]],
| |
| [[vibrio parahemolyticus]],
| |
| [[vibrio vulnificus]],
| |
| [[visceral leishmaniasis]],
| |
| [[Whipple disease]], [[whipworm infection]], [[yersinia enterocolitica]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Neurologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Common migraine]], [[neuroblastoma]], [[Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Folate deficiency]],
| |
| [[food allergies]],
| |
| [[food intolerances]],
| |
| [[iron supplements]],
| |
| [[kwashiorkor]],
| |
| [[lactose intolerance]],
| |
| [[milk allergy]],
| |
| [[pellagra]],
| |
| [[pernicious anemia]],
| |
| [[protein losing enteropathy]],
| |
| [[sucrose intolerance]],
| |
| [[vitamin C toxicity]],
| |
| [[zinc deficiency]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Childbirth]], [[endometriosis]], [[neonatal sepsis]], [[ovarian cancer]], [[ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Oncologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Adrenal tumor]],
| |
| [[carcinoid syndrome]],
| |
| [[colorectal cancer]],
| |
| [[Ewing's sarcoma]],
| |
| [[Gardner's syndrome]],
| |
| [[gastric cancer]],
| |
| [[HNPCC]],
| |
| [[juvenile polyposis syndrome]],
| |
| [[Kaposi's sarcoma]],
| |
| [[multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]],
| |
| [[neuroendocrine tumors]],
| |
| [[pancreatic adenoma]],
| |
| [[mesothelioma|peritoneal mesothelioma]],
| |
| [[neuroendocrine tumors]],
| |
| [[ovarian cancer]],
| |
| [[small bowel lymphoma]],
| |
| [[somatostatinoma]],
| |
| [[thymus cancer]],
| |
| [[Vipoma]],
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Opthalmologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Carbon monoxide toxicity]],
| |
| [[carnitine overuse]],
| |
| [[colchicine toxicity]],
| |
| [[Digoxin|digoxin toxicity]],
| |
| [[ergotism]],
| |
| [[heavy metal ingestion]],
| |
| [[mazindol]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Psychiatric'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anxiety-tension syndrome]], [[chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[dissociative disorder]], [[panic attack]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Pulmonary'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anthrax]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[systemic sclerosis|diffuse systemic sclerosis]], [[legionellosis]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acute kidney failure]], [[chronic renal failure]], [[hyperchloremia]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Acquired angioedema]],
| |
| [[Amyloidosis]],
| |
| [[anaphylaxis]],
| |
| [[autoimmune adrenalitis]],
| |
| [[autoimmune enteropathy]],
| |
| [[autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome]],
| |
| [[autonomic neuropathy]],
| |
| [[hereditary angioedema|C1 esterase inhibitor]],
| |
| [[chronic granulomatous disease]],
| |
| [[complement 5 deficiency]],
| |
| [[hereditary angioedema]],
| |
| [[hyper IgM syndrome]],
| |
| [[Kawasaki disease]],
| |
| [[Omenn syndrome]],
| |
| [[Reiter’s syndrome]],
| |
| [[Satoyoshi syndrome]],
| |
| [[severe combined immunodeficiency]],
| |
| [[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]],
| |
| [[X-linked agammaglobulinaemia]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Trauma'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Urologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Proctitis]], [[Reiter’s syndrome]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Miscellaneous'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"|
| |
| [[Alcohol intoxication]],
| |
| [[alcohol withdrawal]],
| |
| [[anopsology]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| ===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
| |
| {{Columns-list|5|
| |
| *[[2C-B]]
| |
| *[[3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[5-HT3 antagonist]]
| |
| *[[tryptamine|5-methoxy-diisopropyltryptamine]]
| |
| *[[Abacavir]]
| |
| *[[Abdominal abscess]]
| |
| *[[Abdominal cancer]]
| |
| *[[Abetalipoproteinemia]]
| |
| *[[List of poisonous plants|Abrus precatorious]]
| |
| *[[Acamprosate calcium]]
| |
| *[[Acarbose]]
| |
| *[[Acebutolol]]
| |
| *[[Acetylcysteine]]
| |
| *[[Achlorhydria]]
| |
| *[[Achylia]]]
| |
| *[[Acitretin]]
| |
| *[[Aconitine]]
| |
| *[[Acquired angioedema]]
| |
| *[[Acrodermatitis enteropathica]]
| |
| *[[Acrodynia]]
| |
| *[[Acute appendicitis]]
| |
| *[[Acute gastritis]]
| |
| *[[Acute kidney failure]]
| |
| *[[Acute pancreatitis]]
| |
| *[[zinc|Acute zinc toxicity]]
| |
| *[[Acyclovir]]
| |
| *[[Addison's disease]]
| |
| *[[Adefovir]]
| |
| *[[Adenophorea]]
| |
| *[[Adenoviridae]]
| |
| *[[Adjustable gastric band]]
| |
| *[[Adrenal tumor]]
| |
| *[[Aeromonas hydrophila]]
| |
| *[[Agastache rugosa]]
| |
| *[[AIDS]]
| |
| *[[Alagille syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Alatrofloxacin]]
| |
| *[[Albendazole]]
| |
| *[[Alchornea castaneifolia]]
| |
| *[[Alcohol intoxication]]
| |
| *[[Alcohol withdrawal]]
| |
| *[[Aldesleukin]]
| |
| *[[Alemtuzumab]]
| |
| *[[Alendronate]]
| |
| *[[Aliskiren]]
| |
| *[[Allopurinol]]
| |
| *[[Alosetron]]
| |
| *[[Alpha-amanitin]]
| |
| *[[Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor]]
| |
| *[[Alprazolam]]
| |
| *[[Altretamine]]
| |
| *[[Amanita phalloides|Amanita phalloides poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Ambenonium]]
| |
| *[[Amebiasis]]
| |
| *[[Amifostine]]
| |
| *[[Amikacin]]
| |
| *[[Amiloride]]
| |
| *[[Aminocaproic acid]]
| |
| *[[Aminophylline]]
| |
| *[[Amitriptyline]]
| |
| *[[Amlexanox]]
| |
| *[[Amlodipine]]
| |
| *[[Ammonium lauryl sulfate]]
| |
| *[[Amnesic shellfish poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Amoxicillin]]
| |
| *[[Amphetamine]]
| |
| *[[Amphotericin B]]
| |
| *[[Ampicillin]]
| |
| *[[Amprenavir]]
| |
| *[[Amyloidosis]]
| |
| *[[Anadenanthera peregrina]]
| |
| *[[Anagrelide]]
| |
| *[[Anakinra]]
| |
| *[[Anaphylaxis]]
| |
| *[[Anastrozole]]
| |
| *[[Ancylostoma duodenale]]
| |
| *[[Angioedema]]
| |
| *[[Anguillulosis]]
| |
| *[[Anidulafungin]]
| |
| *[[Anisindione]]
| |
| *[[Anopsology]]
| |
| *[[Antacids]]
| |
| *[[Anthraquinone]]
| |
| *[[Anthrax]]
| |
| *[[Antidepressants]]
| |
| *[[Antineoplastic agents]]
| |
| *[[Anxiety-tension syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Apolipoprotein B deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Apomorphine]]
| |
| *[[Appendicitis]]
| |
| *[[Applesauce]]
| |
| *[[Aprepitant]]
| |
| *[[Arakawa's syndrome II]]
| |
| *[[Aromatic amino acid decarboxylase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Arsenic poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Ascariasis]]
| |
| *[[Aspartylglycosaminuria]]
| |
| *[[Astrovirus]]
| |
| *[[Atazanavir]]
| |
| *[[Atenolol]]
| |
| *[[Athabaskan severe combined immunodeficiency]]
| |
| *[[Atorvastatin]]
| |
| *[[Atovaquone]]
| |
| *[[Auranofin]]
| |
| *[[Autoimmune adrenalitis]]
| |
| *[[Autoimmune enteropathy]]
| |
| *[[Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Autonomic neuropathy]]
| |
| *[[Ayahuasca]]
| |
| *[[Azithromycin]]
| |
| *[[Aztreonam]]
| |
| *[[Baber's syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Bacillary dysentery]]
| |
| *[[Bacillus cereus]]
| |
| *[[Bacitracin]]
| |
| *[[Baclofen]]
| |
| *[[Bacterial toxin]]
| |
| *[[Balantidiasis]]
| |
| *[[Barium nitrate]]
| |
| *[[Barium sulfate]]
| |
| *[[Beef tapeworm]]
| |
| *[[Benazepril]]
| |
| *[[Bepridil]]
| |
| *[[Bethanechol chloride]]
| |
| *[[Bevacizumab]]
| |
| *[[Bezafibrate]]
| |
| *[[Bicalutamide]]
| |
| *[[Biguanide]]
| |
| *[[Bile acid sequestrant]]
| |
| *[[Biliary atresia]]
| |
| *[[Biliary tract cancer]]
| |
| *[[Stomach cancer surgery|Billroth II procedure]]
| |
| *[[Bisacodyl]]
| |
| *[[Bisoprolol]]
| |
| *[[Blastocystis hominis]]
| |
| *[[Blind loop syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Borrelia anserina]]
| |
| *[[Bortezomib]]
| |
| *[[Botulism]]
| |
| *[[Brainerd diarrhea]]
| |
| *[[Bromelain]]
| |
| *[[Brompheniramine]]
| |
| *[[Brown-symmers disease]]
| |
| *[[Bumetanide]]
| |
| *[[Buspirone]]
| |
| *[[Busulfan]]
| |
| *[[Hereditary angioedema|C1 esterase inhibitor]]
| |
| *[[Caecitis]]
| |
| *[[Calcitonin]]
| |
| *[[Campylobacter jejuni]]
| |
| *[[Candesartan]]
| |
| *[[Candida]]
| |
| *[[Capecitabine]]
| |
| *[[Capillaria]]
| |
| *[[Capsaicin]]
| |
| *[[Carbamazepine]]
| |
| *[[Carbon monoxide toxicity]]
| |
| *[[Carboplatin]]
| |
| *[[Carcinoid syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Cardiac glycosides]]
| |
| *[[Carmustine]]
| |
| *[[Carnitine overuse]]
| |
| *[[Carteolol]]
| |
| *[[Carvedilol]]
| |
| *[[Castor oil]]
| |
| *[[Cefaclor]]
| |
| *[[Cefadroxil]]
| |
| *[[Cefamandole nafate]]
| |
| *[[Cefazolin]]
| |
| *[[Cefdinir]]
| |
| *[[Cefepime]]
| |
| *[[Cefixime]]
| |
| *[[Cefoperazone]]
| |
| *[[Cefotaxime]]
| |
| *[[Cefotetan disodium]]
| |
| *[[Cefoxitin]]
| |
| *[[Cefpodoxime]]
| |
| *[[Cefprozil]]
| |
| *[[Ceftaroline fosamil]]
| |
| *[[Ceftazidime]]
| |
| *[[Ceftibuten]]
| |
| *[[Ceftizoxime]]
| |
| *[[Ceftriaxone]]
| |
| *[[Cefuroxime]]
| |
| *[[Celiac disease]]
| |
| *[[Cephalexin]]
| |
| *[[Cephalosporins]]
| |
| *[[Cephradine]]
| |
| *[[Cerivastatin]]
| |
| *[[Cestoda]]
| |
| *[[Cetuximab]]
| |
| *[[Cevimeline]]
| |
| *[[Chenodeoxycholic acid]]
| |
| *[[Childbirth]]
| |
| *[[Chlamydia]]
| |
| *[[Chloral hydrate]]
| |
| *[[Chlorambucil]]
| |
| *[[Chlordane]]
| |
| *[[Chlordiazepoxide]]
| |
| *[[Chlorodyne]]
| |
| *[[Chloroquine]]
| |
| *[[Chlorothiazide ]]
| |
| *[[Chlorpheniramine ]]
| |
| *[[Chlorpropamide]]
| |
| *[[Chlorthalidone ]]
| |
| *[[Cholecystitis]]
| |
| *[[Cholestatic jaundice]]
| |
| *[[Cholesteryl ester storage disease]]
| |
| *[[Cholestyramine ]]
| |
| *[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Chronic granulomatous disease]]
| |
| *[[Chronic myeloproliferative disorders]]
| |
| *[[Chronic pancreatitis]]
| |
| *[[Chronic renal failure]]
| |
| *[[Chylomicron retention disease]]
| |
| *[[Ciclosporin]]
| |
| *[[Cidofovir]]
| |
| *[[Ciguatera poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Cilostazol]]
| |
| *[[Cinacalcet]]
| |
| *[[Cinchonism]]
| |
| *[[Ciprofloxacin]]
| |
| *[[Cisapride]]
| |
| *[[Citalopram]]
| |
| *[[Cladribine]]
| |
| *[[Clamoxyquine]]
| |
| *[[Clarithromycin]]
| |
| *[[Clavulanic acid]]
| |
| *[[Clindamycin]]
| |
| *[[Clofarabine]]
| |
| *[[Clofibrate]]
| |
| *[[Clomipramine ]]
| |
| *[[Clonazepam]]
| |
| *[[Clopidogrel]]
| |
| *[[Clorazepate]]
| |
| *[[Clostridium difficile]]
| |
| *[[Clostridium perfringens]]
| |
| *[[Clostridium sordellii]]
| |
| *[[Clostridium welchii]]
| |
| *[[Coccidia]]
| |
| *[[Colchicine]]
| |
| *[[Colestyramine]]
| |
| *[[Colistimethate]]
| |
| *[[Colitis]]
| |
| *[[Collagenous colitis]]
| |
| *[[Megacolon|Colonic inertia]]
| |
| *[[Colonic malakoplakia]]
| |
| *[[Colonic villous adenomata]]
| |
| *[[Colonoscopy]]
| |
| *[[Colorectal cancer]]
| |
| *[[Colorectal polyps]]
| |
| *[[Common migraine]]
| |
| *[[Common variable immunodeficiency]]
| |
| *[[Complement 5 deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Congenital adrenal hyperplasia]]
| |
| *[[Congenital chloride diarrhea]]
| |
| *[[Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1B]]
| |
| *[[intrinsic factor|Congenital intrinsic factor deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Congenital short bowel syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Congenital toxoplasmosis]]
| |
| *[[Cornelia de Lange syndrome 2]]
| |
| *[[Crohn's disease]]
| |
| *[[Cronkhite-Canada disease]]
| |
| *[[Cryptosporidiosis]]
| |
| *[[Cyclophosphamide]]
| |
| *[[Cyclosporiasis]]
| |
| *[[Cyproheptadine]]
| |
| *[[Cystic fibrosis]]
| |
| *[[Cysticercosis]]
| |
| *[[Cytarabine]]
| |
| *[[Cytomegalovirus]]
| |
| *[[Dactinomycin]]
| |
| *[[Dalfopristin]]
| |
| *[[Dantrolene]]
| |
| *[[Daptomycin]]
| |
| *[[Darbepoetin alfa]]
| |
| *[[Darifenacin]]
| |
| *[[Darunavir]]
| |
| *[[Dasatinib]]
| |
| *[[datura stramonium|Datura stramonium poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Daunorubicin]]
| |
| *[[Deferasirox]]
| |
| *[[Delavirdine]]
| |
| *[[Demeclocycline]]
| |
| *[[Deracoxib]]
| |
| *[[Desoxyn]]
| |
| *[[Dextroamphetamine]]
| |
| *[[Dextromethorphan]]
| |
| *[[Diabetes insipidus]]
| |
| *[[Diabetic neuropathy]]
| |
| *[[Diacerein]]
| |
| *[[Diazepam]]
| |
| *[[Diazinon]]
| |
| *[[Dibasic aminoaciduria 2]]
| |
| *[[Diclofenac]]
| |
| *[[Dicloxacillin]]
| |
| *[[Didanosine]]
| |
| *[[Dientamoeba fragilis]]
| |
| *[[systemic sclerosis|Diffuse systemic sclerosis]]
| |
| *[[Diflunisal]]
| |
| *[[Digitoxin]]
| |
| *[[Digoxin]]
| |
| *[[Diltiazem]]
| |
| *[[Diphyllobothrium infection]]
| |
| *[[Dipylidium caninum infection]]
| |
| *[[Dipyridamole]]
| |
| *[[Dirithromycin]]
| |
| *[[Dissociative disorder]]
| |
| *[[Distigmine]]
| |
| *[[Diverticulitis]]
| |
| *[[Docetaxel]]
| |
| *[[Dofetilide]]
| |
| *[[Dolasetron]]
| |
| *[[Donepezil]]
| |
| *[[Doripenem]]
| |
| *[[Doxorubicin]]
| |
| *[[Doxycycline]]
| |
| *[[Dracunculiasis]]
| |
| *[[DTPA]]
| |
| *[[Duloxetine]]
| |
| *[[Dumping syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Ebola]]
| |
| *[[Echinococcosis]]
| |
| *[[Echovirus]]
| |
| *[[Eculizumab]]
| |
| *[[Efavirenz ]]
| |
| *[[Eflornithine]]
| |
| *[[Ehrlichiosis]]
| |
| *[[Emtricitabine]]
| |
| *[[Enalapril]]
| |
| *[[End stage liver failure]]
| |
| *[[Endometriosis]]
| |
| *[[Endosulfan]]
| |
| *[[Enoxacin]]
| |
| *[[Entacapone]]
| |
| *[[Entamoeba histolytica]]
| |
| *[[Enteritis]]
| |
| *[[Enterobacter]]
| |
| *[[Vaginal prolapse|Enterocele]]
| |
| *[[Enterocolitis]]
| |
| *[[Escherichia coli|Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC)]]
| |
| *[[Escherichia coli|Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) ]]
| |
| *[[Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli|Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)]]
| |
| *[[Epirubicin hydrochloride]]
| |
| *[[Eplerenone]]
| |
| *[[Epoetin alfa]]
| |
| *[[Ergotamine]]
| |
| *[[Ergotism]]
| |
| *[[Erlotinib]]
| |
| *[[Erythromycin]]
| |
| *[[Escherichia coli O157:H7]]
| |
| *[[Esomeprazole]]
| |
| *[[Estazolam]]
| |
| *[[Estradiol]]
| |
| *[[Ethacrynic acid]]
| |
| *[[Ethanol]]
| |
| *[[Ethosuximide]]
| |
| *[[Etidronate]]
| |
| *[[Etodolac]]
| |
| *[[Etoposide]]
| |
| *[[Everolimus]]
| |
| * Excess [[coffee]], [[tea]]
| |
| *[[Exemestane]]
| |
| *[[Exenatide]]
| |
| *[[Ezetimibe]]
| |
| *[[Fabry's disease]]
| |
| *[[Famciclovir]]
| |
| *[[Familial amyloid polyneuropathy]]
| |
| *[[Famotidine]]
| |
| *[[Fasciolopsiasis]]
| |
| *[[Favism]]
| |
| *[[Fecal impaction]]
| |
| *[[Felbamate]]
| |
| *[[Fexofenadine]]
| |
| *[[Filariasis]]
| |
| *[[Flavivirus]]
| |
| *[[Floxuridine]]
| |
| *[[Fluconazole]]
| |
| *[[Flucytosine]]
| |
| *[[Fludarabine]]
| |
| *[[Fluke|Fluke infections]]
| |
| *[[Fluoride]]
| |
| *[[Fluorouracil]]
| |
| *[[Fluoxetine]]
| |
| *[[Flurazepam]]
| |
| *[[Flurbiprofen]]
| |
| *[[Flutamide]]
| |
| *[[Fluticasone]]
| |
| *[[Fluvastatin]]
| |
| *[[Fluvoxamine]]
| |
| *[[Folate deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Food allergies]]
| |
| *[[Food intolerances]]
| |
| *[[Food poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Fosamprenavir]]
| |
| *[[Foscarnet]]
| |
| *[[Fosinopril]]
| |
| *[[Frovatriptan]]
| |
| *[[Fructose malabsorption]]
| |
| *[[Fulvestrant]]
| |
| *[[Fusarium venenatum]]
| |
| *[[Gabapentin]]
| |
| *[[Galactosemia]]
| |
| *[[Galantamine]]
| |
| *[[Ganciclovir]]
| |
| *[[Gardner's syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Gastric cancer]]
| |
| *[[Gastric dumping syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Gastrinoma]]
| |
| *[[Gastritis]]
| |
| *[[neuroendocrine tumor|Gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor]]
| |
| * [[fistula|Gastrocolic fistula]]
| |
| *[[Gastroenteritis]]
| |
| *[[amyloidosis|Gastrointestinal amyloidosis]]
| |
| *[[Gatifloxacin]]
| |
| *[[Gefitinib]]
| |
| *[[Gemcitabine]]
| |
| *[[Gemeprost]]
| |
| *[[Gemfibrozil]]
| |
| *[[Gentamicin]]
| |
| *[[Giardia lamblia]]
| |
| *[[Gilbert's syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Glatiramer]]
| |
| *[[Glipizide]]
| |
| *[[Glucagonoma]]
| |
| *[[Glucosamine]]
| |
| *[[Glucose-galactose malabsorption]]
| |
| *[[Glutathione synthetase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Gluten sensitivity]]
| |
| *[[Glycopyrrolate]]
| |
| *[[Graft versus host disease]]
| |
| *[[Granisetron]]
| |
| *[[Graves' disease]]
| |
| *[[Griseofulvin]]
| |
| *[[Guanethidine]]
| |
| *[[Guanfacine]]
| |
| *[[Habba Syndrome|Habba syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Hartnup disease]]
| |
| *[[Heavy metal ingestion]]
| |
| *[[Helminthiasis]]
| |
| *[[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Hepatitis A]]
| |
| *[[Hepatitis B]]
| |
| *[[Hepatitis C]]
| |
| *[[Hepatitis D]]
| |
| *[[Hepatitis E]]
| |
| *[[Hepatitis X]]
| |
| *[[Herbal extract|Herbal extract overdose]]
| |
| *[[Hereditary angioedema]]
| |
| *[[Heroin dependence]]
| |
| *[[Heroin withdrawal]]
| |
| *[[HNPCC]]
| |
| *[[Grayanotoxin|Honey intoxication]]
| |
| *[[Hookworm infection]]
| |
| *[[Hydralazine]]
| |
| *[[Hydrochlorothiazide]]
| |
| *[[Hydroxychloroquine]]
| |
| *[[Hydroxyurea]]
| |
| *[[Hymenolepis infection]]
| |
| *[[Hyoscyamine]]
| |
| *[[Hyper IgM syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Hyperchloremia]]
| |
| *[[Hyperlipoproteinemia type I]]
| |
| *[[Hyperthyroidism]]
| |
| *[[Hypoaldosteronism]]
| |
| *[[Ibandronate]]
| |
| *[[Ibuprofen]]
| |
| *[[Idarubicin]]
| |
| *[[Idelalisib]]
| |
| *[[Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Ileitis]]
| |
| *[[Imatinib]]
| |
| *[[Imipenem]]
| |
| *[[Inborn amino acid metabolism disorder]]
| |
| *[[Indomethacin]]
| |
| *[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
| |
| *[[Infliximab]]
| |
| *[[Influenza virus]]
| |
| *[[Insect bites and stings|Insect bite allergy]]
| |
| *[[Insulin lispro]]
| |
| *[[Interferon alpha]]
| |
| *[[Interferon Beta-1b]]
| |
| *[[primary lymphedema|Intestinal lymphangiectasis]]
| |
| *[[Intestinal pseudoobstruction]]
| |
| *[[Intususception]]
| |
| *[[IPEX (syndrome)]]
| |
| *[[Irinotecan hydrochloride]]
| |
| *[[Iron supplements]]
| |
| *[[Irritable bowel syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Ischemic colitis]]
| |
| *[[Isocarboxazid]]
| |
| *[[Isomalt|Isomalt toxicity]]
| |
| *[[Isosporiasis]]
| |
| *[[Isradipine]]
| |
| *[[Itraconazole]]
| |
| *[[Ivacaftor]]
| |
| *[[Ixabepilone]]
| |
| *[[Juvenile polyposis syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Kanamycin]]
| |
| *[[Kaposi's sarcoma]]
| |
| *[[Katayama fever]]
| |
| *[[Kawasaki disease]]
| |
| *[[Ketoconazole]]
| |
| *[[Ketorolac]]
| |
| *[[Klebsiella]]
| |
| *[[Kwashiorkor]]
| |
| *[[Laburnum]]
| |
| *[[Lactose intolerance]]
| |
| *[[Lamivudine]]
| |
| *[[Lamotrigine]]
| |
| *[[Lanreotide]]
| |
| *[[Lansoprazole]]
| |
| *[[Lanthanum]]
| |
| *[[Lapatinib ditosylate]]
| |
| *[[Lassa fever]]
| |
| *[[Laxative abuse]]
| |
| *[[Lead poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Leflunomide]]
| |
| *[[Legionella pneumophila]]
| |
| *[[Legionnaires' disease]]
| |
| *[[Leptospirosis]]
| |
| *[[Letrozole]]
| |
| *[[Leuprolide]]
| |
| *[[Levalbuterol]]
| |
| *[[Levetiracetam]]
| |
| *[[Levocarnitine]]
| |
| *[[Levodopa]]
| |
| *[[Levofloxacin]]
| |
| *[[Levothyroxine]]
| |
| *[[Lincomycin]]
| |
| *[[Linezolid]]
| |
| *[[Liothyronine sodium]]
| |
| *[[Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia]]
| |
| *[[Lisinopril]]
| |
| *[[Listeriosis]]
| |
| *[[Lithium]]
| |
| *[[Lomefloxacin]]
| |
| *[[Lopinavir]]
| |
| *[[Loracarbef]]
| |
| *[[Loratadine]]
| |
| *[[Lorazepam]]
| |
| *[[Loxapine]]
| |
| *[[Lycorine]]
| |
| *[[Lymphangiectasis]]
| |
| *[[Lymphocytic colitis]]
| |
| *[[Lymphogranuloma venereum]]
| |
| *[[Macrolides]]
| |
| *[[Magnesium hydroxide]]
| |
| *[[Magnesium|Magnesium salts]]
| |
| *[[Malabsorption syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Malaria]]
| |
| *[[Malassimilation]]
| |
| *[[Malonic aciduria]]
| |
| *[[Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Mannitol]]
| |
| *[[Marburg virus]]
| |
| *[[Marine toxins]]
| |
| *[[Mastocytosis]]
| |
| *[[Mazindol]]
| |
| *[[Measles]]
| |
| *[[Mebendazole]]
| |
| *[[Mechlorethamine]]
| |
| *[[Meckel diverticulitis]]
| |
| *[[Meclofenamate]]
| |
| *[[Medullary carcinoma of thyroid]]
| |
| *[[Mefenamic acid]]
| |
| *[[Mefloquine]]
| |
| *[[Megaloblastic anemia]]
| |
| *[[Megesterol]]
| |
| *[[Melarsoprol]]
| |
| *[[Meloxicam]]
| |
| *[[Ménétrier's disease]]
| |
| *[[Meprobamate]]
| |
| *[[Mercaptopurine]]
| |
| *[[Mercury poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Meropenem]]
| |
| *[[Mesalazine]]
| |
| *[[Mesna]]
| |
| *[[Mesoridazine]]
| |
| *[[Metabolic disorders]]
| |
| *[[Metagonimiasis]]
| |
| *[[Metal fume fever]]
| |
| *[[Metformin]]
| |
| *[[Methenamine]]
| |
| *[[Methotrexate]]
| |
| *[[Methoxychlor]]
| |
| *[[Methsuximide]]
| |
| *[[Methyclothiazide]]
| |
| *[[Methyldopa]]
| |
| *[[Methylergonovine]]
| |
| *[[Methyprylon]]
| |
| *[[Metoclopramide]]
| |
| *[[Metolachlor]]
| |
| *[[Metolazone]]
| |
| *[[Metoprolol]]
| |
| *[[Metronidazole]]
| |
| *[[Micafungin sodium]]
| |
| *[[Miconazole]]
| |
| *[[Microvillous inclusion disease]]
| |
| *[[Mifepristone]]
| |
| *[[Miglitol]]
| |
| *[[Milk allergy]]
| |
| *[[Mineral oil]]
| |
| *[[Minocycline]]
| |
| *[[Misoprostol]]
| |
| *[[Mitotane]]
| |
| *[[Mixed connective tissue disease]]
| |
| *[[Moclobemide]]
| |
| *[[Modafinil]]
| |
| *[[Moexipril]]
| |
| *[[Mastocytosis|Monoclonal mast cell activation syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Moricizine ]]
| |
| *[[Morphine withdrawal]]
| |
| *[[Moxifloxacin]]
| |
| *[[Mucopolysaccharidosis]]
| |
| *[[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1]]
| |
| *[[Muscarine]]
| |
| *[[Mushroom poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Mycobacterium avium complex]]
| |
| *[[Mycophenolate]]
| |
| *[[Myleofibrosis]]
| |
| *[[Nabumetone]]
| |
| *[[Nafcillin]]
| |
| *[[Nalidixic acid]]
| |
| *[[Naltrexone ]]
| |
| *[[Naphthalene]]
| |
| *[[Narcissus pseudonarcissus]]
| |
| *[[Natalizumab]]
| |
| *[[Natamycin]]
| |
| *[[Nateglinide]]
| |
| *[[Necrotizing fasciitis]]
| |
| *[[Neisseria gonorrhea]]
| |
| *[[Nelfinavir]]
| |
| *[[Neomycin]]
| |
| *[[Neostigmine]]
| |
| *[[Netilmicin]]
| |
| *[[Neuroblastoma]]
| |
| *[[Neuroendocrine tumors]]
| |
| *[[Neurofibromatosis]]
| |
| *[[Neutropenia]]
| |
| *[[Nevirapine ]]
| |
| *[[Niclosamide]]
| |
| *[[Nintedanib]]
| |
| *[[Nizatidine]]
| |
| *[[Nontropical sprue]]
| |
| *[[Norfloxacin]]
| |
| *[[Norwalk gastroenteritis]]
| |
| *[[Nystatin]]
| |
| *[[Octreotide]]
| |
| *[[Ofloxacin]]
| |
| *[[Oleander|Oleander poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Olsalazine]]
| |
| *[[Omalizumab]]
| |
| *[[Omenn syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Omeprazole]]
| |
| *[[Ondansetron]]
| |
| *[[Opioid withdrawal]]
| |
| *[[Opisthorchis infection]]
| |
| *[[Organophosphates]]
| |
| *[[Orlistat]]
| |
| *[[Oseltamivir]]
| |
| *[[laxative|Osmotic laxative]]
| |
| *[[Otitis media|Otitis media in children]]
| |
| *[[Ovarian cancer]]
| |
| *[[Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Oxaliplatin]]
| |
| *[[Oxazepam]]
| |
| *[[Oxcarbazepine]]
| |
| *[[Oxtriphylline]]
| |
| *[[Oxybutynin]]
| |
| *[[Oxyphenisatine]]
| |
| *[[Palbociclib]]
| |
| *[[Palivizumab]]
| |
| *[[Pancreatic adenoma]]
| |
| *[[Pancrelipase]]
| |
| *[[Panitumumab]]
| |
| *[[Pantoprazole]]
| |
| *[[Paragonimus infection]]
| |
| *[[Paraquat]]
| |
| *[[Parasympathomimetics]]
| |
| *[[Parathion]]
| |
| *[[Paroxetine]]
| |
| *[[Pearson syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Pegaspargase]]
| |
| *[[Peginterferon alfa-2a]]
| |
| *[[Peginterferon alfa-2b]]
| |
| *[[Pellagra]]
| |
| *[[Pelvic abscess]]
| |
| *[[Pemetrexed]]
| |
| *[[Pemoline]]
| |
| *[[Penbutolol]]
| |
| *[[Penicillin allergy]]
| |
| *[[Penicillium marneffei]]
| |
| *[[Pentamidine]]
| |
| *[[Pentostatin]]
| |
| *[[Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy]]
| |
| *[[Pergolide]]
| |
| *[[Perindopril]]
| |
| *[[Periodic hyperlysinemia]]
| |
| *[[Mesothelioma|Peritoneal mesothelioma]]
| |
| *[[Pernicious anemia]]
| |
| *[[Perphenazine]]
| |
| *[[Persin]]
| |
| *[[Pesticide poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Phenoxymethylpenicillin]]
| |
| *[[Phentermine]]
| |
| *[[Phentolamine]]
| |
| *[[Phycomycosis]]
| |
| *[[Phytohaemagglutinin|Phytohaemagglutinin poisoning]]
| |
| *[[phytolacca americana|Phytolacca americana toxicity]]
| |
| *[[Pilocarpine]]
| |
| *[[Pimecrolimus]]
| |
| *[[Pimozide]]
| |
| *[[Pirfenidone]]
| |
| *[[Piroxicam]]
| |
| *[[Plerixafor]]
| |
| *[[Plicamycin]]
| |
| *[[Poliovirus]]
| |
| *[[Polyposis]]
| |
| *[[Polythiazide]]
| |
| *[[Porphyria]]
| |
| *[[Portal vein thrombosis]]
| |
| *[[Posaconazole]]
| |
| *[[abdominal surgery|Postileal resection]]
| |
| *[[sympathectomy|Postsympathectomy]]
| |
| *[[Vagotomy|Postvagotomy]]
| |
| *[[Potassium citrate]]
| |
| *[[Pramipexole ]]
| |
| *[[Pramlintide]]
| |
| *[[Prazepam]]
| |
| *[[Praziquantel]]
| |
| *[[Prazosin]]
| |
| *[[Procainamide]]
| |
| *[[Procarbazine]]
| |
| *[[Proctitis]]
| |
| *[[Promethazine]]
| |
| *[[Propafenone]]
| |
| *[[Propranolol]]
| |
| *[[Prostaglandins]]
| |
| *[[Protein losing enteropathy]]
| |
| *[[Protriptyline ]]
| |
| *[[Pseudoephedrine]]
| |
| *[[Pseudomembranous colitis]]
| |
| *[[Psittacosis]]
| |
| *[[Pyrantel pamoate]]
| |
| *[[Pyridostigmine]]
| |
| *[[Q fever]]
| |
| *[[Quinapril]]
| |
| *[[Quinidine]]
| |
| *[[Quinolones]]
| |
| *[[Quinupristin]]
| |
| *[[Rabeprazole ]]
| |
| *[[proctitis|Radiation proctitis]]
| |
| *[[Radiation sickness]]
| |
| *[[Radium chloride]]
| |
| *[[Raltitrexed]]
| |
| *[[Ramipril]]
| |
| *[[Ranitidine]]
| |
| *[[Rasagiline]]
| |
| *[[Rectal cancer]]
| |
| *[[Rectal prolapse surgery|Rectal surgery]]
| |
| *[[Refsum disease]]
| |
| *[[Reiter’s syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Repaglinide]]
| |
| *[[Reserpine]]
| |
| *[[Retapamulin]]
| |
| *[[Rhabditida]]
| |
| *[[Ribavirin]]
| |
| *[[Ricinoleic acid]]
| |
| *[[Ricin|Ricinus communis poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Rifabutin]]
| |
| *[[Rifampin ]]
| |
| *[[Rilmenidine]]
| |
| *[[Riluzole]]
| |
| *[[Risedronate]]
| |
| *[[Risperidone]]
| |
| *[[Ritonavir]]
| |
| *[[Rituximab]]
| |
| *[[Rivastigmine]]
| |
| *[[Rizatriptan]]
| |
| *[[Roflumilast]]
| |
| *[[Rotavirus]]
| |
| *[[Roundworm]]
| |
| *[[Salmonellosis]]
| |
| *[[Salsalate]]
| |
| *[[Sanfilippo syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Saquinavir mesylate]]
| |
| *[[Sarcocystis]]
| |
| *[[Sargramostim]]
| |
| *[[Satoyoshi syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Schistosomiasis]]
| |
| *[[Scombroid food poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Secernentea]]
| |
| *[[Selegiline]]
| |
| *[[selenium|Selenium toxicity]]
| |
| *[[Serotonin syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Sevelamer]]
| |
| *[[Severe combined immunodeficiency]]
| |
| *[[Shigellosis]]
| |
| *[[Short bowel syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Shwachman-Diamond syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Sildenafil]]
| |
| *[[Siltuximab]]
| |
| *[[Simethicone]]
| |
| *[[Simvastatin]]
| |
| *[[Sirolimus]]
| |
| *[[Sitagliptin]]
| |
| *[[Slone's disease]]
| |
| *[[Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Small bowel lymphoma]]
| |
| *[[Sodium oxybate]]
| |
| *[[Sodium picosulfate]]
| |
| *[[Sodium polystyrene sulfonate ]]
| |
| *[[Sofosbuvir]]
| |
| *[[solanine|Solanine poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Solifenacin]]
| |
| *[[Somatostatinoma]]
| |
| *[[Sorafenib]]
| |
| *[[Sorbitol]]
| |
| *[[Sotalol]]
| |
| *[[Sparfloxacin]]
| |
| *[[Sphingolipidosis]]
| |
| *[[Spironolactone]]
| |
| *[[Stachybotrys chartarum]]
| |
| *[[Staphylococcal food poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Stavudine]]
| |
| *[[Streptobacillus]]
| |
| *[[Streptococcal infections]]
| |
| *[[Streptococcus suis]]
| |
| *[[Streptozocin]]
| |
| *[[Strongyloides]]
| |
| *[[Subacute thyroiditis]]
| |
| *[[Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Sucrose intolerance]]
| |
| *[[Sulfadiazine]]
| |
| *[[Sulfasalazine]]
| |
| *[[Sulfisoxazole]]
| |
| *[[Sulindac]]
| |
| *[[Sulphonamides]]
| |
| *[[Sumatriptan]]
| |
| *[[Sunitinib]]
| |
| *[[Superior mesenteric artery syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Tacrine]]
| |
| *[[Tacrolimus]]
| |
| *[[Tamsulosin]]
| |
| *[[Tapeworms]]
| |
| *[[TASB (psychedelics)]]
| |
| *[[Tegafur]]
| |
| *[[Tegaserod]]
| |
| *[[Telbivudine]]
| |
| *[[Telithromycin]]
| |
| *[[Telmisartan]]
| |
| *[[Temozolomide]]
| |
| *[[Teniposide]]
| |
| *[[Tenofovir]]
| |
| *[[Terbinafine]]
| |
| *[[Teriparatide]]
| |
| *[[Tetracyclines]]
| |
| *[[Tetrodotoxin]]
| |
| *[[Thallium]]
| |
| *[[Theophylline]]
| |
| *[[Thiabendazole]]
| |
| *[[Thioguanine]]
| |
| *[[Thioridazine]]
| |
| *[[Thiothixene]]
| |
| *[[Thymus cancer]]
| |
| *[[Thyroid carcinoma]]
| |
| *[[Thyroxine]]
| |
| *[[Ticlopidine]]
| |
| *[[Tigecycline]]
| |
| *[[Tiludronate]]
| |
| *[[Tipranavir]]
| |
| *[[Tocopherol]]
| |
| *[[Tolcapone]]
| |
| *[[Topiramate]]
| |
| *[[Topotecan]]
| |
| *[[Toxocara]]
| |
| *[[Toxoplasmosis]]
| |
| *[[Trametinib dimethyl sulfoxide]]
| |
| *[[Tranexamic acid]]
| |
| *[[Tranylcypromine]]
| |
| *[[Trastuzumab]]
| |
| *[[Traveler's diarrhea]]
| |
| *[[Trazodone]]
| |
| *[[Trematoda]]
| |
| *[[Treprostinil]]
| |
| *[[Tretinoin]]
| |
| *[[Triamterene]]
| |
| *[[Triazolam]]
| |
| *[[Trichinella spiralis]]
| |
| *[[Trichinosis]]
| |
| *[[Trichuriasis]]
| |
| *[[Trifluoperazine]]
| |
| *[[Trihexyphenidyl]]
| |
| *[[Trimeprazine]]
| |
| *[[Trimethadione]]
| |
| *[[Trimethobenzamide]]
| |
| *[[Trimetrexate glucuronate]]
| |
| *[[Trimipramine]]
| |
| *[[Tropical sprue]]
| |
| *[[Trovafloxacin]]
| |
| *[[Tuberculosis]]
| |
| *[[Tularemia]]
| |
| *[[Turcot syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Typhoid fever]]
| |
| *[[Ulcerative colitis]]
| |
| *[[Urofollitropin]]
| |
| *[[Ursodeoxycholic acid]]
| |
| *[[Vaccination]]
| |
| *[[Valacyclovir]]
| |
| *[[Valganciclovir]]
| |
| *[[Valinemia]]
| |
| *[[Valproic acid]]
| |
| *[[Valsartan]]
| |
| *[[Vasculitis]]
| |
| *[[Vasculitis hypersensitivity]]
| |
| *[[Verapamil]]
| |
| *[[Vipoma|Verner-Morrison syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Very long-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Vibrio cholerae]]
| |
| *[[Vibrio|Vibrio mimicus]]
| |
| *[[Vibrio parahemolyticus]]
| |
| *[[Vibrio vulnificus]]
| |
| *[[Vilazodone]]
| |
| *[[Villous adenoma]]
| |
| *[[Vinblastine]]
| |
| *[[Vinorelbine Tartrate|Vinorelbine tartrate]]
| |
| *[[Vipoma]]
| |
| *[[Visceral leishmaniasis]]
| |
| *[[Vitamin C toxicity]]
| |
| *[[Von Gierke disease]]
| |
| *[[Voriconazole]]
| |
| *[[Vorinostat]]
| |
| *[[Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Weil syndrome]]
| |
| *[[West Nile fever]]
| |
| *[[Whipple's disease]]
| |
| *[[Whipworm Infection]]
| |
| *[[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]]
| |
| *[[X-linked agammaglobulinaemia]]
| |
| *[[Yersinia enterocolitica]]
| |
| *[[Zanamivir]]
| |
| *[[Zidovudine]]
| |
| *[[Zinc deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Ziprasidone ]]
| |
| *[[Zoledronic acid]]
| |
| *[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Zolmitriptan]]
| |
| *[[Zolpidem]]
| |
| }}
| |
|
| |
|
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| Line 2,464: |
Line 69: |
| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |
|
| |
| [[Category:Primary care]]
| |
| [[Category:Gastroenterology]]
| |
|
| |
| [[Category:Needs overview]]
| |
|
| |
|
| ===Pathophysiology prev=== | | ===Pathophysiology prev=== |
| Line 2,519: |
Line 119: |
| ===Image and text to the right=== | | ===Image and text to the right=== |
|
| |
|
| <figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline>[[File:Global distribution of leptospirosis.jpg|577x577px]]</figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline> Recent out break of leptospirosis is reported in Bronx, New York and found 3 cases in the months January and February, 2017. | | <figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline><figure-inline>[[File:Global distribution of leptospirosis.jpg|577x577px]]</figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline> Recent out break of leptospirosis is reported in Bronx, New York and found 3 cases in the months January and February, 2017. |
|
| |
|
| ===Gallery=== | | ===Gallery=== |
| Line 2,534: |
Line 134: |
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{Reflist|2}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |
|
| |
| [[Category:Gastroenterology]]
| |
| [[Category:Hepatology]]
| |
| [[Category:Disease]]
| |
|
| |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |
| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| Line 2,545: |
Line 140: |
| REFERENCES | | REFERENCES |
| <references /> | | <references /> |
| | |
| | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] |
| | [[Category:Needs overview]] |
| | [[Category:Hepatology]] |
| | [[Category:Disease]] |
</figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline></figure-inline> Recent out break of leptospirosis is reported in Bronx, New York and found 3 cases in the months January and February, 2017.
![Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]](/images/2/2f/Pancreatic_insulinoma_histology_2.JPG)
![Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Chromogranin A immunostain. Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]](/images/a/a3/Pancreatic_insulinoma_histopathology_3.JPG)
![Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Insulin immunostain. Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]](/images/d/d5/Pancreatic_insulinoma_histology_4.JPG)
![Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]](/index.php/File:Pancreatic_insulinoma_histology_2.JPG)
![Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Chromogranin A immunostain. Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]](/index.php/File:Pancreatic_insulinoma_histopathology_3.JPG)
![Histopathology of a pancreatic endocrine tumor (insulinoma). Insulin immunostain. Source:https://librepathology.org/wiki/Neuroendocrine_tumour_of_the_pancreas[1]](/index.php/File:Pancreatic_insulinoma_histology_4.JPG)