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{{Filariasis}}
{{Filariasis}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{KD}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{KD}} {{AEL}}  
==Overview==
==Overview==
The most spectacular symptom of lymphatic filariasis is [[elephantiasis]]; thickening of the [[skin]] and underlying tissues; which was the first disease discovered to be transmitted by insects. [[Elephantiasis]] is caused when the parasites lodge in the [[lymphatic system]]. Elephantiasis affects mainly the [[lower extremities]], whereas [[ear]]s, [[mucus membrane]]s, and [[amputation]] stumps are rarely affected; however, it depends on the species of filaria. ''W. bancrofti'' can affect the [[leg]]s, arms, [[vulva]], [[breast]]s, while ''Brugia timori'' rarely affects the [[genital]]s.
Filariasis can have varied clinical presentations depending on their cause. Symptoms include [[fever]], [[headache]], [[pruritus]], [[pulmonary]] symptoms, [[hydrocele|scrotal]] and [[leg swelling]].


==History and Symptoms==
==History and Symptoms==
 
*History of travelling should be asked to the patients to know if they were in endemic areas of filariasis before or not.
[[Image:Lymphedema2.jpg|150px|left]]
*Filariasis symptoms depends on the type of the [[roundworm]] causing the [[disease]]. In this table a collection of the symptoms occur by each worm.<ref name="Lymphatic filariasis">CDC https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lymphaticfilariasis/disease.html Accessed on June 29, 2017 </ref><ref name="pmid21803313">{{cite journal| author=Chandy A, Thakur AS, Singh MP, Manigauha A| title=A review of neglected tropical diseases: filariasis. | journal=Asian Pac J Trop Med | year= 2011 | volume= 4 | issue= 7 | pages= 581-6 | pmid=21803313 | doi=10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60150-8 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21803313  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8543349">{{cite journal| author=Pani SP, Srividya A| title=Clinical manifestations of bancroftian filariasis with special reference to lymphoedema grading. | journal=Indian J Med Res | year= 1995 | volume= 102 | issue=  | pages= 114-8 | pmid=8543349 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8543349  }} </ref>
 
{| class="wikitable"
No symptoms: These people do not know they have lymphatic filariasis unless tested. A small percentage of persons will develop [[lymphedema]]. This is caused by [[fluid]] collection because of improper functioning of the [[lymph system]] resulting in swelling. This mostly affects the legs, but can also occur in the arms, [[breast]]s, and [[genitalia]]. Most people develop these symptoms years after being infected.
!Diseases
 
!Most common symptoms
Elephantiasis: The swelling and the decreased function of the lymph system make it difficult for the body to fight germs and infections. These people will have more [[bacterial]] [[infection]]s in the [[skin]] and [[lymph system]]. This causes hardening and thickening of the skin, which is called [[elephantiasis]].
!Less common symptoms
 
|-
Hydrocele:  Men can develop [[hydrocele]] or swelling of the [[scrotum]] due to [[infection]] with one of the [[parasite]]s that causes LF specifically [[Wuchereria bancrofti|W. bancrofti]].
|Lymphatic filariasis
 
|
Pulmonary tropical eosinophilia syndrome:  Filarial infection can also cause pulmonary tropical eosinophilia syndrome, although this [[syndrome]] is typically found in persons living with the disease in Asia. Symptoms of pulmonary tropical eosinophilia syndrome include [[cough]], [[shortness of breath]], and [[wheezing]].
* Lymphatic filariasis may be asymptomatic or symptomatic.
 
* Symptoms include:
 
** [[Elephantiasis]] (frequently in the [[lower extremities]])
** [[hydrocele|Scrotal swelling]] 
** Nocturnal [[cough]]  
** [[Fever]]
** [[Malaise]]
** [[Headache]]
** [[Chills]]
|
* [[Abscess]] formation at the site of [[lymph nodes]] affected.
* [[Pain]] in the [[genital]] area.
|-
|[[Onchocerciasis]] ([[Onchocerca volvulus]])
|
* [[Subcutaneous]] [[Lump|lumps]]
* [[Pruritis]]  
* [[Lymphadenitis]]
|
* Impaired [[visual acuity]]  
* [[Blindness]] (known as [[river blindness]] disease).  
|-
|[[Loiasis]] ([[Loa loa|Loa Loa]])
|
* [[Subcutaneous]] [[Swelling|swellings]]
* [[Urticaria]]  
* [[Pain]]
|
* [[Breast]] [[calcification]]
* [[Arthralgia]]  
|-
|[[Mansonella perstans]], [[Mansonella streptocerca]] infections and [[Mansonella ozzardi]]
|
* Usually asymptomatic
|If symptomatic, it may include:
* [[Abdominal pain]]
* [[Pruritis]]
* [[Lymphangitis]]
* [[papule|Papular eruption]]s
* [[Pigmentation]] changes
* [[Arthralgia]]
|}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Parasitic diseases]]
[[Category:Neglected diseases]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]




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Latest revision as of 21:45, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[2] Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [3]

Overview

Filariasis can have varied clinical presentations depending on their cause. Symptoms include fever, headache, pruritus, pulmonary symptoms, scrotal and leg swelling.

History and Symptoms

  • History of travelling should be asked to the patients to know if they were in endemic areas of filariasis before or not.
  • Filariasis symptoms depends on the type of the roundworm causing the disease. In this table a collection of the symptoms occur by each worm.[1][2][3]
Diseases Most common symptoms Less common symptoms
Lymphatic filariasis
Onchocerciasis (Onchocerca volvulus)
Loiasis (Loa Loa)
Mansonella perstans, Mansonella streptocerca infections and Mansonella ozzardi
  • Usually asymptomatic
 If symptomatic, it may include:

References

  1. ↑ CDC https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lymphaticfilariasis/disease.html Accessed on June 29, 2017
  2. ↑ Chandy A, Thakur AS, Singh MP, Manigauha A (2011). "A review of neglected tropical diseases: filariasis". Asian Pac J Trop Med. 4 (7): 581–6. doi:10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60150-8. PMID 21803313.
  3. ↑ Pani SP, Srividya A (1995). "Clinical manifestations of bancroftian filariasis with special reference to lymphoedema grading". Indian J Med Res. 102: 114–8. PMID 8543349.


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