Diabetes dietary recommendations of american association of clinical endocrinologists: Difference between revisions

	Diabetes mellitus Main page
Patient Information Type 1 Type 2
Overview
Classification Diabetes mellitus type 1 Diabetes mellitus type 2 Gestational diabetes
Differential Diagnosis
Complications
Screening
Diagnosis
Prevention

VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 21:18, 29 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]

Overview

According to different international diabetes societies, medical nutrition therapy is an important component in diabetes management. It should be individualized for each patient depending on their food habits, lifestyle (such as physical activity), anthropometric measurement, diabetic control and medications. The medical nutrition therapy ideally has the following composition: carbohydrates comprising 45% to 65%, protein 15% to 20% and dietary fat less than 30% of daily energy intake.

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists - General Nutrition Recommendations (DO NOT EDIT)^[1]

“

Nutrition and Diabetes

1. MNT (medical nutrition therapy) is an essential component of any comprehensive diabetes mellitus management program (grade A).

2. Meal composition affects glycemic control and cardiovascular risk (grade A).

3. Tailor a diet for individual patients based on current weight, medication regimen, food preferences, lifestyle, and lipid profile (grade A).

4. No specific diet is endorsed by ACE/AACE for people with diabetes mellitus (grade D).

5. Total dietary carbohydrates should represent 45% to 65% of daily energy intake unless otherwise indicated (grade D).

6. Protein intake should be the same as for patients who do not have diabetes mellitus: 15% to 20% of daily energy intake (grade D).

7. Fiber should be consumed in amounts of 25 to 50 g/d or 15 to 25 g/1000 kcal ingested (grade A).

8. Total dietary fat should generally comprise less than 30% of daily energy intake (grade D):

9. Dietary monounsaturated fatty acids and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have beneficial effects on the lipid profile and should comprise most fat intake (grade B).

10. Dietary saturated fat should be limited to less than 10% of daily energy intake with less than 300 mg/d of cholesterol (grade A).

11. If the patient's LDL-C level is greater than 100 mg/dL, consumption of saturated fat should be limited to less than 7% of daily energy intake, and cholesterol should be limited to less than 200 mg/d (grade A).

12. Trans-fat intake should be minimized, or preferably, eliminated (grade D).

13. Basal-bolus insulin therapy using insulin analogs or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in conjunction with carbohydrate counting is the most physiologic treatment and provides the greatest flexibility in terms of food choices and timing of meals (grade B).

14. Basal-bolus therapy using a consistent carbohydrate meal plan can be equally effective for patients unable or unwilling to count carbohydrates (grade D).

15. Instruct patients who choose to consume alcohol to limit intake to 1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men (grade D).

16. Secondary prevention strategies for T2DM in individuals with impaired glucose regulation include a controlled-energy diet, exercise, and weight loss (grade A).

Clinical Considerations

All Patients With Diabetes Mellitus Carbohydrate absorption may be altered by other foods in a mixed meal. For example, fat and fiber delay the absorption of carbohydrates and blunt the glycemic response. Terms such as simple sugars and complex carbohydrates have recently been abandoned since it is now recognized that their effects on blood glucose are similar. Sucrose does not need to be avoided by patients with diabetes mellitus, but when it is consumed, it should replace other carbohydrates in the diet.

”

References

↑ Rodbard HW, Blonde L, Braithwaite SS, Brett EM, Cobin RH, Handelsman Y; et al. (2007). "American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus". Endocr Pract. 13 Suppl 1: 1–68. PMID 17613449.

[pmid17613449-1] Rodbard HW, Blonde L, Braithwaite SS, Brett EM, Cobin RH, Handelsman Y; et al. (2007). "American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus". Endocr Pract. 13 Suppl 1: 1–68. PMID 17613449.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+__NOTOC__
 {{Diabetes mellitus }}
-{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh@perfuse.org]; {{CZ}}
+{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]; {{CZ}}
 ==Overview==
+According to different international diabetes societies, [[medical nutrition therapy]] is an important component in [[diabetes]] management. It should be individualized for each patient depending on their food habits, lifestyle (such as physical activity), anthropometric measurement, diabetic control and medications. The medical nutrition therapy ideally has the following composition: [[carbohydrates]] comprising 45% to 65%, [[protein]] 15% to 20% and dietary fat less than 30% of daily energy intake.
-==American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists - General Nutrition Recommendations (DO NOT EDIT)==
+==American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists - General Nutrition Recommendations (DO NOT EDIT)<ref name="pmid17613449">{{cite journal| author=Rodbard HW, Blonde L, Braithwaite SS, Brett EM, Cobin RH, Handelsman Y et al.| title=American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. | journal=Endocr Pract | year= 2007 | volume= 13 Suppl 1 | issue=  | pages= 1-68 | pmid=17613449 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17613449  }} </ref> ==
 {{cquote|
 ===Nutrition and Diabetes===
-'''1)''' MNT is an essential component of any comprehensive diabetes mellitus management program (grade A).
+'''1.''' MNT (medical nutrition therapy) is an essential component of any comprehensive [[diabetes mellitus]] management program (grade A).
-'''2)''' Meal composition affects glycemic control and cardiovascular risk (grade A).
+'''2.''' Meal composition affects glycemic control and cardiovascular risk (grade A).
-'''3)''' Tailor a diet for individual patients based on current weight, medication regimen, food preferences, lifestyle, and lipid profile (grade A).
+'''3.''' Tailor a diet for individual patients based on current weight, medication regimen, food preferences, lifestyle, and lipid profile (grade A).
-'''4)''' No specific diet is endorsed by ACE/AACE for people with diabetes mellitus (grade D).
+'''4.''' No specific diet is endorsed by ACE/AACE for people with diabetes mellitus (grade D).
-'''5)''' Total dietary carbohydrates should represent 45% to 65% of daily energy intake unless otherwise indicated (grade D).
+'''5.''' Total dietary [[carbohydrates]] should represent 45% to 65% of daily energy intake unless otherwise indicated (grade D).
-'''6)''' Protein intake should be the same as for patients who do not have diabetes mellitus: 15% to 20% of daily energy intake (grade D).
+'''6.''' [[Protein]] intake should be the same as for patients who do not have diabetes mellitus: 15% to 20% of daily energy intake (grade D).
-'''7)''' Fiber should be consumed in amounts of 25 to 50 g/d or 15 to 25 g/1000 kcal ingested (grade A).
+'''7.''' [[Fiber]] should be consumed in amounts of 25 to 50 g/d or 15 to 25 g/1000 kcal ingested (grade A).
-'''8)''' Total dietary fat should generally comprise less than 30% of daily energy intake (grade D):
+'''8.''' Total dietary fat should generally comprise less than 30% of daily energy intake (grade D):
-'''9)''' Dietary monounsaturated fatty acids and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have beneficial effects on the lipid profile and should comprise most fat intake (grade B).
+'''9.''' Dietary [[monounsaturated fatty acid]]s and n-3 [[polyunsaturated fatty acid]]s have beneficial effects on the lipid profile and should comprise most fat intake (grade B).
-'''10)''' Dietary saturated fat should be limited to less than 10% of daily energy intake with less than 300 mg/d of cholesterol (grade A).
+'''10.''' Dietary saturated fat should be limited to less than 10% of daily energy intake with less than 300 mg/d of cholesterol (grade A).
-'''11)''' If the patient's LDL-C level is greater than 100 mg/dL, consumption of saturated fat should be limited to less than 7% of daily energy intake, and cholesterol should be limited to less than 200 mg/d (grade A).
+'''11.''' If the patient's [[LDL]]-C level is greater than 100 mg/dL, consumption of saturated fat should be limited to less than 7% of daily energy intake, and cholesterol should be limited to less than 200 mg/d (grade A).
-'''12)''' Trans-fat intake should be minimized, or preferably, eliminated (grade D).
+'''12.''' Trans-fat intake should be minimized, or preferably, eliminated (grade D).
-Basal-bolus insulin therapy using insulin analogs or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in conjunction with carbohydrate counting is the most physiologic treatment and provides the greatest flexibility in terms of food choices and timing of meals (grade B).
-'''13)''' Basal-bolus therapy using a consistent carbohydrate meal plan can be equally effective for patients unable or unwilling to count carbohydrates (grade D).
+'''13.''' Basal-bolus insulin therapy using insulin analogs or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in conjunction with carbohydrate counting is the most physiologic treatment and provides the greatest flexibility in terms of food choices and timing of meals (grade B).
-'''14)''' Instruct patients who choose to consume alcohol to limit intake to 1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men (grade D).
+'''14.''' Basal-bolus therapy using a consistent carbohydrate meal plan can be equally effective for patients unable or unwilling to count carbohydrates (grade D).
+'''15.''' Instruct patients who choose to consume alcohol to limit intake to 1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men (grade D).
-'''15)''' Secondary prevention strategies for T2DM in individuals with impaired glucose regulation include a controlled-energy diet, exercise, and weight loss (grade A).
+'''16.''' [[Secondary prevention]] strategies for T2DM in individuals with impaired glucose regulation include a controlled-energy diet, exercise, and weight loss (grade A).
 ===Clinical Considerations===
 All Patients With Diabetes Mellitus
+Carbohydrate absorption may be altered by other foods in a mixed meal. For example, fat and fiber delay the absorption of carbohydrates and blunt the glycemic response. Terms such as simple sugars and complex carbohydrates have recently been abandoned since it is now recognized that their effects on blood glucose are similar. [[Sucrose]] does not need to be avoided by patients with diabetes mellitus, but when it is consumed, it should replace other carbohydrates in the diet.
-Carbohydrate absorption may be altered by other foods in a mixed meal. For example, fat and fiber delay the absorption of carbohydrates and blunt the glycemic response. Terms such as simple sugars and complex carbohydrates have recently been abandoned since it is now recognized that their effects on blood glucose are similar. Sucrose does not need to be avoided by patients with diabetes mellitus, but when it is consumed, it should replace other carbohydrates in the diet.
+}}
-Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
-The key to successful MNT is synchronizing carbohydrate intake with insulin therapy. The use of basal-bolus insulin therapy using insulin analogs or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in conjunction with carbohydrate counting is the most physiologic treatment and provides the greatest flexibility in terms of food choices and timing of meals. For patients unable or unwilling to count carbohydrates, basal-bolus therapy using a consistent carbohydrate meal plan can be equally effective. Considering the glycemic index and the glycemic load of foods is another tool that can be used to optimally time the mealtime insulin injection.
-Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
-Weight control and a controlled-energy diet are essential components of diabetes mellitus management to lower glucose levels and to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease; cardiovascular risk is lowest when the body mass index is less than 25 kg/m2. Physical activity of 30 to 90 minutes per day lowers glucose levels and assists with weight loss or weight maintenance. Salt restriction to less than 1.5 g/d, in association with increased intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, is helpful in managing hypertension. If patients choose to consume alcohol, intake should be limited to 1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men.
-Dietary modification to achieve target ranges for glucose, lipids, and blood pressure is a tertiary preventive strategy for the complications of diabetes mellitus.
-}}
+==References==
+{{reflist|2}}
-[[Category:Disease state]]
+[[Category:Disease]]
 [[Category:Medicine]]
 [[Category:Endocrinology]]
 [[Category:Mature chapter]]
 [[Category:Diabetes]]
 [[Category:Aging-associated diseases]]
 [[Category:Medical conditions related to obesity]]
 [[Category:Emergency medicine]]
-[[Category:Primary care]]
-[[Category:Emergency medicine patient information]]
-[[Category:Overview complete]]