Follicular thyroid cancer natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 17:31, 29 October 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]

Overview

Depending on the extent of the tumor at the time of diagnosis, prognosis of follicular thyroid cancer may vary. However, prognosis is generally regarded as good. The presence of metastasis is associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with follicular thyroid cancer.

Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Natural History

Natural history of follicular thyroid cancer is variable.
Symptoms of follicular thyroid cancer usually develop in the fourth decade of life.
The condition presents as a slowly enlarging painless mass.
Without treatment, patients will develop symptoms caused by compression and metastasis, such as hoarseness of voice, difficulty swallowing, and difficulty breathing.^[1]

Complications

Common complications of follicular thyroid cancer include:^[2]

Prognosis

Prognosis of follicular thyroid cancer is directly related to tumor size.^[3]
- Good Prognostic Factors:
  - Children
  - Adolescent
  - Women younger than 50
  - Men younger than 40
- Bad Prognostic Factors:
  - Women older than 50 with follicular carcinoma
  - Men older than 40 with follicular carcinoma
  - Distant metastasis
  - Large tumor size
  - Extensive vascular invasion
  - Extra thyroidal extension
  - Widely invasive tumors
Stage Related Prognosis
- The 10-year survival is better for patients with follicular carcinoma without vascular invasion than it is for patients with vascular invasion.
- Follicular carcinoma invading the cervical tissue has a worse prognosis than tumors confined to the thyroid gland.
- The presence of vascular invasion is an additional poor prognostic factor.
- Metastasis to lymph nodes do not worsen the prognosis in patients younger than 45 years.
- The prognosis for patients with distant metastases is poor.

5-year Relative Survival Rate
- 5-year relative survival rate of follicular thyroid cancer depends on the stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis.
  - Stage 1 has 100% 5-year relative survival rate.
  - Stage 2 has 100% 5-year relative survival rate.
  - Stage 3 has 71% 5-year relative survival rate.
  - Stage 4 has 50% 5-year relative survival rate.

References

↑ Thyroid Cancer Cancer.gov (2015). http://www.cancer.gov/types/thyroid/hp/thyroid-treatment-pdq#section/_6- Accessed on October, 29 2015
↑ Emerick GT, Duh QY, Siperstein AE, Burrow GN, Clark OH (December 1993). "Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of follicular thyroid carcinoma". Cancer. 72 (11): 3287–95. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19931201)72:11<3287::aid-cncr2820721126>3.0.co;2-5. PMID 8080485.
↑ Grebe SK, Hay ID (December 1995). "Follicular thyroid cancer". Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 24 (4): 761–801. PMID 8608779.

[1] Thyroid Cancer Cancer.gov (2015). http://www.cancer.gov/types/thyroid/hp/thyroid-treatment-pdq#section/_6- Accessed on October, 29 2015

[pmid8080485-2] Emerick GT, Duh QY, Siperstein AE, Burrow GN, Clark OH (December 1993). "Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of follicular thyroid carcinoma". Cancer. 72 (11): 3287–95. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19931201)72:11<3287::aid-cncr2820721126>3.0.co;2-5. PMID 8080485.

[pmid8608779-3] Grebe SK, Hay ID (December 1995). "Follicular thyroid cancer". Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 24 (4): 761–801. PMID 8608779.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Ammu}}
 ==Overview==
-==Natural History==
+Depending on the extent of the [[tumor]] at the time of [[diagnosis]], [[prognosis]] of follicular thyroid cancer may vary. However, [[prognosis]] is generally regarded as good. The presence of [[metastasis]] is associated with a particularly poor [[prognosis]] among [[Patient|patients]] with follicular thyroid cancer.
-==Complications==
+==Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis==
-==Prognosis==
-* Prognosis of follicular thyroid cancer is directly related to tumor size.
+=== Natural History ===
-====<span style="color:red">High Risk</span>====
-* Women older than 50 with follicular carcinoma
+* Natural history of follicular thyroid cancer is variable.
-* Men older than 40 with follicular carcinoma
+* [[Symptoms]] of follicular thyroid cancer usually develop in the fourth decade of life.
-* Distant metastasis
+* The condition presents as a slowly enlarging [[Pain|painless]] mass.
-* Large tumor size
+* Without treatment, [[Patient|patients]] will develop [[Symptom|symptoms]] caused by [[compression]] and [[metastasis]], such as [[dysphonia|hoarseness of voice]], [[dysphagia|difficulty swallowing]], and [[dyspnea|difficulty breathing]].<ref> Thyroid Cancer Cancer.gov
-* Extensive vascular invasion
+(2015). http://www.cancer.gov/types/thyroid/hp/thyroid-treatment-pdq#section/_6- Accessed on October, 29 2015</ref>
-* Extra thyroidal extension
-* Widely invasive tumors
+===Complications===
-====<span style="color:red">Intermediate Risk Group</span>====
+Common complications of follicular thyroid cancer include:<ref name="pmid8080485">{{cite journal |vauthors=Emerick GT, Duh QY, Siperstein AE, Burrow GN, Clark OH |title=Diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of follicular thyroid carcinoma |journal=Cancer |volume=72 |issue=11 |pages=3287–95 |date=December 1993 |pmid=8080485 |doi=10.1002/1097-0142(19931201)72:11<3287::aid-cncr2820721126>3.0.co;2-5 |url=}}</ref>
-* Women older than 50 with papillary carcinoma
+* [[Metastasis]]
-* Men older than 40 with papillary carcinoma
+* [[dysphonia|Hoarseness of voice]]
+* [[Dysphagia]]
+* [[Dyspnea]]
+===Prognosis===
+*[[Prognosis]] of follicular thyroid cancer is directly related to [[tumor]] size.<ref name="pmid8608779">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grebe SK, Hay ID |title=Follicular thyroid cancer |journal=Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages=761–801 |date=December 1995 |pmid=8608779 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
+**'''Good Prognostic Factors''':
+***[[Child|Children]]
+***[[Adolescence|Adolescent]]
+***[[Female|Women]] younger than 50
+***[[Men]] younger than 40
+**'''Bad Prognostic Factors''':
+***[[Female|Women]] older than 50 with follicular carcinoma
+***[[Men]] older than 40 with follicular carcinoma
+***Distant [[metastasis]]
+***Large [[tumor]] size
+*** Extensive [[vascular]] [[Invasive (medical)|invasion]]
+*** Extra [[Thyroid|thyroidal]] extension
+*** Widely [[Invasive (medical)|invasive]] [[Tumor|tumors]]
+*'''Stage Related Prognosis'''
+** The 10-year [[Survival rate|survival]] is better for [[Patient|patients]] with follicular carcinoma without [[vascular]] [[Invasive (medical)|invasion]] than it is for [[Patient|patients]] with [[vascular]] [[Invasive (medical)|invasion]].
+** Follicular carcinoma invading the [[cervical]] [[Tissue (biology)|tissue]] has a worse [[prognosis]] than [[tumors]] confined to the [[thyroid gland]].
+**The presence of [[vascular]] [[Invasive (medical)|invasion]] is an additional poor [[Prognosis|prognostic]] factor.
+**[[Metastasis]] to [[Lymph node|lymph nodes]] do not worsen the [[prognosis]] in [[Patient|patients]] younger than 45 years.
+** The [[prognosis]] for [[Patient|patients]] with distant [[Metastasis|metastases]] is poor.
+*'''5-year Relative Survival Rate'''
+**5-year relative [[survival rate]] of follicular thyroid cancer depends on the [[Cancer staging|stage]] of the [[disease]] at the time of [[diagnosis]].
+*** Stage 1 has 100% 5-year relative [[survival rate]].
+*** Stage 2 has 100% 5-year relative [[survival rate]].
+*** Stage 3 has 71% 5-year relative [[survival rate]].
+*** Stage 4 has 50% 5-year relative [[survival rate]].
-====<span style="color:red">Low Risk Group</span>====
-* Children
-* Adolescent
-* Women younger than 50
-* Men younger than 40
 ==References==
 {{Reflist|2}}
+[[Category:Endocrine system]]
+[[Category:Endocrinology]]
+[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
+[[Category:Disease]]
+[[Category:Genetic disorders]]
+[[Category:Types of cancer]]
+[[Category:Hereditary cancers]]