Seminoma natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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{{Seminoma}}
{{Seminoma}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{SR}}
{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{S.G.}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Seminoma grows slower than non-seminomatous germ cell tumors.<ref name=seminomas1>Cancerous tumours of the testicle. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/testicular-cancer/cancerous-tumours/?region=on. Accessed on February 26, 2016</ref> Common complications of seminoma include recurrence, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis.<ref name=Testicularseminomaradiopaediafhg>Testicular seminoma. Dr Marcin Czarniecki and Dr Andrew Dixon et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/testicular-seminoma-1. Accessed on March 3, 2016</ref> Prognosis of seminoma is good for all stages with greater than 90% cure rate.<ref name=progseminomabjhk>Treatment and prognosis of testicular seminoma. Dr Marcin Czarniecki and Dr Andrew Dixon et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/testicular-seminoma-1. Accessed on March 2, 2016</ref> The International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group divides seminoma into two prognosis groups: good and intermediate.<ref name=survivalkandprognosisoftesticularcancer>Prognosis and survival for testicular cancer. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/prognosis-and-survival/?region=on. Accessed on February 29, 2016</ref>
Common complications of seminoma include recurrence, [[Lymph node metastases|lymph node metastasis]], distant [[metastasis]], and secondary [[malignancies]]. [[Prognosis]] is generally good for all stages with greater than 90% cure rate. Seminoma grows slower than non-seminomatous [[germ cell]] [[Tumor|tumors]]. The International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group divides seminoma into two [[prognosis]] groups: good and intermediate. The [[Symptom|symptoms]] of seminoma usually develop in the second to forth decade of life (15-35 years), and start with [[Symptom|symptoms]] such as a painless [[Testicle|testicular]] [[lump]], [[abnormal]] [[semen]] [[analysis]], possibly an [[Acute (medicine)|acute]] onset [[testicular]] [[pain]].


==Natural History==
 
*Seminoma grows slower than non-seminomatous germ cell tumors.<ref name=seminomas1>Cancerous tumours of the testicle. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/testicular-cancer/cancerous-tumours/?region=on. Accessed on February 26, 2016</ref>
== Natural History ==
*The [[Symptom|symptoms]] of seminoma usually develop in the second to forth decade of life (15-35 years), and start with [[Symptom|symptoms]] such as a painless [[Testicle|testicular]] [[lump]],  [[abnormal]] [[semen]] [[analysis]], possibly an [[Acute (medicine)|acute]] onset [[testicular]] [[pain]].<ref name="pmid21819630">{{cite journal |vauthors=Boujelbene N, Cosinschi A, Boujelbene N, Khanfir K, Bhagwati S, Herrmann E, Mirimanoff RO, Ozsahin M, Zouhair A |title=Pure seminoma: a review and update |journal=Radiat Oncol |volume=6 |issue= |pages=90 |date=August 2011 |pmid=21819630 |pmc=3163197 |doi=10.1186/1748-717X-6-90 |url=}}</ref>
*Seminoma grows slower than non-seminomatous [[germ cell]] [[Tumor|tumors]].


==Complications==
==Complications==
Common complications of seminoma include:<ref name=Testicularseminomaradiopaediafhg>Testicular seminoma. Dr Marcin Czarniecki and Dr Andrew Dixon et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/testicular-seminoma-1. Accessed on March 3, 2016</ref>
Common [[Complication (medicine)|complications]] of seminoma include:<ref name="Testicularseminomaradiopaediafhg">Testicular seminoma. Dr Marcin Czarniecki and Dr Andrew Dixon et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/testicular-seminoma-1. Accessed on March 3, 2016</ref>
*Recurrence
*Recurrence
*Lymph node metastasis
*[[Lymph node metastases|Lymph node metastasis]]
*Distant metastasis
*Distant [[metastasis]]
*Increased risk of seminoma in the remaining testicle
*Increased risk of seminoma in the remaining [[testicle]]
*Increased risk of other cancers
*Increased risk of other [[Cancer|cancers]] (second [[malignancies]])
:*[[Mesothelioma]] and [[lung cancer|cancer of the lung]]
:*[[Mesothelioma]] and [[lung cancer|cancer of the lung]]
:*[[Colon cancer]]
:*[[Colon cancer]]
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==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
*The International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group ('''IGCCCG''') developed a classification system based on prognostic factors. It indicates how well the cancer is expected to respond to treatment. This system helps physicians make decisions about treatment for advanced germ cell tumors.<ref name=survivalkandprognosisoftesticularcancer>Prognosis and survival for testicular cancer. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/prognosis-and-survival/?region=on. Accessed on February 29, 2016</ref>
*[[Prognosis]] for stage I is excellent, and the survival rate of [[Patient|patients]] with seminoma for satgr I is approximately 100%.<ref name="pmid26893743">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dong W, Gang W, Liu M, Zhang H |title=Analysis of the prognosis of patients with testicular seminoma |journal=Oncol Lett |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=1361–1366 |date=February 2016 |pmid=26893743 |pmc=4734256 |doi=10.3892/ol.2015.4065 |url=}}</ref><ref name="HoneckerAparicio2018">{{cite journal|last1=Honecker|first1=F|last2=Aparicio|first2=J|last3=Berney|first3=D|last4=Beyer|first4=J|last5=Bokemeyer|first5=C|last6=Cathomas|first6=R|last7=Clarke|first7=N|last8=Cohn-Cedermark|first8=G|last9=Daugaard|first9=G|last10=Dieckmann|first10=K -P|last11=Fizazi|first11=K|last12=Fosså|first12=S|last13=Germa-Lluch|first13=J R|last14=Giannatempo|first14=P|last15=Gietema|first15=J A|last16=Gillessen|first16=S|last17=Haugnes|first17=H S|last18=Heidenreich|first18=A|last19=Hemminki|first19=K|last20=Huddart|first20=R|last21=Jewett|first21=M A S|last22=Joly|first22=F|last23=Lauritsen|first23=J|last24=Lorch|first24=A|last25=Necchi|first25=A|last26=Nicolai|first26=N|last27=Oing|first27=C|last28=Oldenburg|first28=J|last29=Ondruš|first29=D|last30=Papachristofilou|first30=A|last31=Powles|first31=T|last32=Sohaib|first32=A|last33=Ståhl|first33=O|last34=Tandstad|first34=T|last35=Toner|first35=G|last36=Horwich|first36=A|title=ESMO Consensus Conference on testicular germ cell cancer: diagnosis, treatment and follow-up|journal=Annals of Oncology|volume=29|issue=8|year=2018|pages=1658–1686|issn=0923-7534|doi=10.1093/annonc/mdy217}}</ref>
*Prognosis of seminoma is good for all stages with greater than 90% cure rate.<ref name=progseminomabjhk>Treatment and prognosis of testicular seminoma. Dr Marcin Czarniecki and Dr Andrew Dixon et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/testicular-seminoma-1. Accessed on March 2, 2016</ref>
*[[Prognosis]] for stage II is generally good, the 5-year mortality survival rate of [[Patient|patients]] with satge II of seminoma is approximately 97%.
*IGCCCG divides seminoma into two prognosis groups:<ref name=survivalkandprognosisoftesticularcancer>Prognosis and survival for testicular cancer. Canadian cancer society 2016. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/testicular/prognosis-and-survival/?region=on. Accessed on February 29, 2016</ref>
*[[Prognosis]] for stage III is generally good, the 5-year mortality survival rate of [[Patient|patients]] with satge III of seminoma is approximately 85%.
 
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px; width:800px align=center"
|valign=top|
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 200px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Prognosis group}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 600px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Seminoma}}
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align=center|'''Good'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |There are no distant [[metastases]] other than to the lungs.<br>[[AFP|Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)]] is normal and other serum tumor markers can be any level.
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" align=center|'''Intermediate'''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |There are distant [[metastases]] to organs other than the lungs.<br>[[AFP]] is normal and other serum tumor markers can be any level.
|}


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 13:34, 15 May 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sogand Goudarzi, MD [2]

Overview

Common complications of seminoma include recurrence, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and secondary malignancies. Prognosis is generally good for all stages with greater than 90% cure rate. Seminoma grows slower than non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. The International Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group divides seminoma into two prognosis groups: good and intermediate. The symptoms of seminoma usually develop in the second to forth decade of life (15-35 years), and start with symptoms such as a painless testicular lump, abnormal semen analysis, possibly an acute onset testicular pain.


Natural History

Complications

Common complications of seminoma include:[2]

Prognosis

  • Prognosis for stage I is excellent, and the survival rate of patients with seminoma for satgr I is approximately 100%.[3][4]
  • Prognosis for stage II is generally good, the 5-year mortality survival rate of patients with satge II of seminoma is approximately 97%.
  • Prognosis for stage III is generally good, the 5-year mortality survival rate of patients with satge III of seminoma is approximately 85%.

References

  1. Boujelbene N, Cosinschi A, Boujelbene N, Khanfir K, Bhagwati S, Herrmann E, Mirimanoff RO, Ozsahin M, Zouhair A (August 2011). "Pure seminoma: a review and update". Radiat Oncol. 6: 90. doi:10.1186/1748-717X-6-90. PMC 3163197. PMID 21819630.
  2. Testicular seminoma. Dr Marcin Czarniecki and Dr Andrew Dixon et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/testicular-seminoma-1. Accessed on March 3, 2016
  3. Dong W, Gang W, Liu M, Zhang H (February 2016). "Analysis of the prognosis of patients with testicular seminoma". Oncol Lett. 11 (2): 1361–1366. doi:10.3892/ol.2015.4065. PMC 4734256. PMID 26893743.
  4. Honecker, F; Aparicio, J; Berney, D; Beyer, J; Bokemeyer, C; Cathomas, R; Clarke, N; Cohn-Cedermark, G; Daugaard, G; Dieckmann, K -P; Fizazi, K; Fosså, S; Germa-Lluch, J R; Giannatempo, P; Gietema, J A; Gillessen, S; Haugnes, H S; Heidenreich, A; Hemminki, K; Huddart, R; Jewett, M A S; Joly, F; Lauritsen, J; Lorch, A; Necchi, A; Nicolai, N; Oing, C; Oldenburg, J; Ondruš, D; Papachristofilou, A; Powles, T; Sohaib, A; Ståhl, O; Tandstad, T; Toner, G; Horwich, A (2018). "ESMO Consensus Conference on testicular germ cell cancer: diagnosis, treatment and follow-up". Annals of Oncology. 29 (8): 1658–1686. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdy217. ISSN 0923-7534.

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