Scoliosis causes: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
 
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
Line 6: Line 6:
==Overview==
==Overview==


The most common cause of scoliosis is idiopathic. Less common causes of scoliosis include congenital and neuromuscular.
The most common cause of [[scoliosis]] is [[idiopathic]]. Less common causes of scoliosis include [[congenital]] and [[neuromuscular]].
==Causes==
==Causes==


Line 12: Line 12:


* Congenital (present at birth) scoliosis is due to failure of vertebral formation or segmentation of affected vertebrae in utero.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Winter |first1=RB |last2=Moe |first2=JH |date=1960,Jan 01 |title=Congenital Scoliosis A Study of 234 Patients Treated and Untreated Part I: Natural History |url= |journal=J Bone Joint Surg Am. |volume=50 |issue=1 |page=1-15 |doi= |pmc= |pmid= |access-date= | name-list-format=vanc }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Imagama |first1=S |last2=Kawakami |first2=N |date=2005 |title=Spatial relationships between a deformed vertebra and an adjacent vertebra in congenial scoliosis-failure of formation. |url= |journal=J Jpn Scoliosis Soc. |volume=20 |issue= |pages=20-25 |doi= |pmc= |pmid= |access-date= | name-list-format=vanc }}</ref>
* Congenital (present at birth) scoliosis is due to failure of vertebral formation or segmentation of affected vertebrae in utero.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Winter |first1=RB |last2=Moe |first2=JH |date=1960,Jan 01 |title=Congenital Scoliosis A Study of 234 Patients Treated and Untreated Part I: Natural History |url= |journal=J Bone Joint Surg Am. |volume=50 |issue=1 |page=1-15 |doi= |pmc= |pmid= |access-date= | name-list-format=vanc }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Imagama |first1=S |last2=Kawakami |first2=N |date=2005 |title=Spatial relationships between a deformed vertebra and an adjacent vertebra in congenial scoliosis-failure of formation. |url= |journal=J Jpn Scoliosis Soc. |volume=20 |issue= |pages=20-25 |doi= |pmc= |pmid= |access-date= | name-list-format=vanc }}</ref>
* Neuromuscular scoliosis is caused by problems such as poor muscle control or muscle weakness, or paralysis due to diseases such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, spina bifida, and polio.<ref name="McCarthy1999">{{cite journal|last1=McCarthy|first1=Richard E.|title=MANAGEMENT OF NEUROMUSCULAR SCOLIOSIS|journal=Orthopedic Clinics of North America|volume=30|issue=3|year=1999|pages=435–449|issn=00305898|doi=10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70096-1}}</ref>
* [[Scoliosis|Neuromuscular scoliosis]] is caused by problems such as poor [[muscle]] control or [[muscle weakness]], or [[paralysis]] due to diseases such as [[cerebral palsy]], [[muscular dystrophy]], [[spina bifida]], and [[polio]].<ref name="McCarthy1999">{{cite journal|last1=McCarthy|first1=Richard E.|title=MANAGEMENT OF NEUROMUSCULAR SCOLIOSIS|journal=Orthopedic Clinics of North America|volume=30|issue=3|year=1999|pages=435–449|issn=00305898|doi=10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70096-1}}</ref>
* Idiopathic scoliosis is scoliosis of unknown cause. Idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents is the most common type.<ref name=":0">Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.</ref>
* [[Idiopathic scoliosis]] is scoliosis of unknown cause. [[Idiopathic scoliosis]] in adolescents is the most common type.<ref name=":0">Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.</ref>
===Life-threatening Causes===
===Life-threatening Causes===
*There are no life-threatening causes of  scoliosis, however complications resulting from untreated scoliosis is common.
*There are no life-threatening causes of  [[scoliosis]], however complications resulting from untreated [[scoliosis]] is common.


=== Common causes ===
=== Common causes ===
Common causes of scoliosis include:<ref name=":0" />
Common causes of [[scoliosis]] include:<ref name=":0" />
* Idiopathic
* [[Idiopathic]]


=== Less Common Causes ===
=== Less Common Causes ===
Less Common causes of scoliosis can be divided into:<ref name="McCarthy1999" /><ref name=":0" />
Less Common causes of [[scoliosis]] can be divided into:<ref name="McCarthy1999" /><ref name=":0" />


'''Nonstructural scoliosis'''
'''Nonstructural scoliosis'''
Line 68: Line 68:


=== Genetic Causes ===
=== Genetic Causes ===
*Scoliosis may be caused by a mutations in the Mendelian gene, including:
*[[Scoliosis]] may be caused by a mutations in the [[Mendelian genetics|Mendelian gene]], including:
**CHD7 gene
**[[CHD7]] gene
**PAX1 gene
**[[PAX1]] gene


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===

Latest revision as of 15:18, 10 December 2018

Scoliosis Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Scoliosis from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Electrocardiogram

X-Ray

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Scoliosis causes On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Scoliosis causes

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Scoliosis causes

CDC on Scoliosis causes

Scoliosis causes in the news

Blogs on Scoliosis causes

Directions to Hospitals Treating Scoliosis

Risk calculators and risk factors for Scoliosis causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan A. Bhimani, M.B.B.S., D.N.B., M.Ch.[2]

Overview

The most common cause of scoliosis is idiopathic. Less common causes of scoliosis include congenital and neuromuscular.

Causes

There are three general causes of scoliosis:

Life-threatening Causes

  • There are no life-threatening causes of scoliosis, however complications resulting from untreated scoliosis is common.

Common causes

Common causes of scoliosis include:[4]

Less Common Causes

Less Common causes of scoliosis can be divided into:[3][4]

Nonstructural scoliosis

Structural scoliosis

Genetic Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Dwarfism.
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Appendicitis.
Genetic Chondrodysplasia, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Fredrick's Ataxia, Marfan's Syndrome, Osteogenesis imperfecta, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Unilateral bar and VonRecklinghausen's Disease.
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic Postoperative.
Infectious Disease Brucella infection of the spine, Polyomyelitis, Salmonella infection of the spine and Tuberculosis of the spine.
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Local inflammation, Leg length discrepancy, Muscle spasm, Amyoplasia congenita, Arthrogryposis, Bechterew's Disease, Benign tumors, Brucella infection of the spine, Cerebral Palsy, Chondrodysplasia, Dislocation, Dwarfism, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Hemivertebra, Malignant tumors, Muscular Dystrophy, Osteogenesis imperfecta, Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis, Rheumatic disease of the spine, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rickets, Salmonella infection of the spine, Scheuermann's disease, Spinal cord trauma, Spinal muscular atrophy, Still's Disease, Tuberculosis of the spine and Unilateral bar.
Neurologic Cerebral Palsy, Fredrick's Ataxia, Muscular Dystrophy, Polyomyelitis, Scheuermann's disease, Spinal cord trauma, Spinal muscular atrophy and Syringomyelia.
Nutritional/Metabolic Homocystinuria, Morquio's Disease, Osteomalacia, Osteoporosis and Rickets.
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Benign tumors, Irradiation and Malignant tumors.
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Bechterew's Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatic disease of the spine and Still's Disease.
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Spinal cord trauma.
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Irradiation and Postoperative.

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:


References

  1. Winter RB, Moe JH (1960,Jan 01). "Congenital Scoliosis A Study of 234 Patients Treated and Untreated Part I: Natural History". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 50 (1): 1-15. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. Imagama S, Kawakami N (2005). "Spatial relationships between a deformed vertebra and an adjacent vertebra in congenial scoliosis-failure of formation". J Jpn Scoliosis Soc. 20: 20–25.
  3. 3.0 3.1 McCarthy, Richard E. (1999). "MANAGEMENT OF NEUROMUSCULAR SCOLIOSIS". Orthopedic Clinics of North America. 30 (3): 435–449. doi:10.1016/S0030-5898(05)70096-1. ISSN 0030-5898.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Azar, F., Canale, S., Beaty, J. & Campbell, W. (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Page: 1898-2028.

Template:WH Template:WS