Systemic lupus erythematosus x ray: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
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{{Systemic lupus erythematosus}}
{{Systemic lupus erythematosus}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MIR}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
On X-ray imaging, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may be characterized by different features regarding the present complication. The most common characteristic findings of SLE in X-ray include: [[Thumbprinting|thumb printing sign]] in the abdominal X ray, blunting of the [[costophrenic angle]] due to [[pleural effusion]], [[cardiomegaly]], [[hepatomegaly]], [[Osteoporosis|osteoprosis]], tenosinovitis, and other manifestations based on the complications.  
On X-ray imaging, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may be characterized by different features regarding the present complication. The most common characteristic findings of SLE in X-ray include [[Thumbprinting|thumb printing sign]] in the abdominal X ray, blunting of the [[costophrenic angle]] due to [[pleural effusion]], [[cardiomegaly]], [[hepatomegaly]], [[Osteoporosis|osteoprosis]], tenosinovitis, and other manifestations based on the complications.  


==X Ray==
==X Ray==
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** [[Thumbprinting|Thumbprinting sign]]
** [[Thumbprinting|Thumbprinting sign]]
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[[File:Output 4prhSH.gif|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
[[File:Thumbpronting.gif|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
|-
|-
| rowspan="4" style="background: #DCDCDC; " |<small><small>[[Pulmonary|Pulmonary involvement]]</small></small>
| rowspan="4" style="background: #DCDCDC; " |<small><small>[[Pulmonary|Pulmonary involvement]]</small></small>
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** [[Mediastinal]] shifts with large amounts of fluid
** [[Mediastinal]] shifts with large amounts of fluid
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[[File:Pleural effusion graphy.jpg|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
[[File:Pleural effusion.gif|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
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![[Pulmonary fibrosis]]
![[Pulmonary fibrosis]]
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* Tracheomegaly
* Tracheomegaly
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[[File:Ddae1eb0ee1deec1a5d70aa127b608 jumbo.jpg|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
[[File:Pulmonary fibrosis.gif|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
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![[Pulmonary hypertension]]
![[Pulmonary hypertension]]
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* Enlarged [[pulmonary arteries]]
* Enlarged [[pulmonary arteries]]
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[[File:Pulmonary hypertension graphy.jpg|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
[[File:PHTN.gif|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
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![[Pneumonitis|Acute pneumonitis]]
![[Pneumonitis|Acute pneumonitis]]
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*[[Bilateral]] patchy airspace opacification
*[[Bilateral]] patchy airspace opacification
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[[File:Hypersensitivity-pneumonitis.jpg|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
[[File:Webp.net-gifmaker (2).gif|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
|-
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| rowspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; " |<small><small>[[Cardiac|Cardiac involvement]]</small></small>
| rowspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; " |<small><small>[[Cardiac|Cardiac involvement]]</small></small>
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*[[Hallux valgus]]
*[[Hallux valgus]]
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[[File:386a52a8b0dc687cee574b7eaa00f9 jumbo.jpg|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
[[File:Webp.net-gifmaker (3).gif|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
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![[Osteoporosis]]
![[Osteoporosis]]
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**[[Periosteal reaction]] progressing to callus formation in diaphyseal fractures
**[[Periosteal reaction]] progressing to callus formation in diaphyseal fractures
**Linear [[sclerosis]] and cortical thickening more frequent in [[metaphyseal]] and [[epiphyseal]] [[fractures]]
**Linear [[sclerosis]] and cortical thickening more frequent in [[metaphyseal]] and [[epiphyseal]] [[fractures]]
*Decrease
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[[File:A015828ba66db9da16b5a57d0cb2c6 jumbo.jpeg|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
[[File:Webp.net-gifmaker (4).gif|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
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*Upright [[chest]] radiographs for [[perforation]] evaluating
*Upright [[chest]] radiographs for [[perforation]] evaluating
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[[File:Colonic-pseudo-obstruction-ogilvies-syndrome.jpg|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
[[File:Webp.net-gifmaker (5).gif|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
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![[Autosplenectomy]]
![[Autosplenectomy]]
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* Medially displaced bowel loops
* Medially displaced bowel loops
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[[File:Hepatomegaly-on-abdominal-x-ray.jpg|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
[[File:Webp.net-gifmaker (6).gif|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
|-
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| rowspan="4" style="background: #DCDCDC; " |<small><small>[[Pulmonary]] involvement</small></small>
| rowspan="4" style="background: #DCDCDC; " |<small><small>[[Pulmonary]] involvement</small></small>
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*Linear [[atelectasis]] and an ill-defined juxtadiaphragmatic areas of increased opacity
*Linear [[atelectasis]] and an ill-defined juxtadiaphragmatic areas of increased opacity
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[[File:Faa79e035d4c88b1029b3f6cd6e222 jumbo.jpeg|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
[[File:Webp.net-gifmaker (7).gif|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
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![[Pulmonary hemorrhage]]
![[Pulmonary hemorrhage]]
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*Patchy bilateral and acinar areas of increased opacity, predominantly in the lower lungs
*Patchy bilateral and acinar areas of increased opacity, predominantly in the lower lungs
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[[File:E4b7a4cbffd49c1f7937c04e6b7c17 big gallery.jpeg|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
[[File:Webp.net-gifmaker (8).gif|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
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![[Pulmonary emboli]]
![[Pulmonary emboli]]
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*[[Pleural effusion]]
*[[Pleural effusion]]
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[[File:8272710ac07076fc011a7e0ad2fc7a jumbo.jpg|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
[[File:Webp.net-gifmaker (9).gif|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
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!Shrinking lung syndrome
!Shrinking lung syndrome
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*Left [[ventricular]] enlargement is also eventually present due to volume overload
*Left [[ventricular]] enlargement is also eventually present due to volume overload
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[[File:56dce39ec7860a50a4bf060db455b7 jumbo.jpeg|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
[[File:Webp.net-gifmaker (10).gif|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
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![[Pericardial effusion]]
![[Pericardial effusion]]
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*Globular enlargement of the cardiac shadow giving a water bottle configuration
*Globular enlargement of the cardiac shadow giving a water bottle configuration
*Anteroposterior [[CXR]]:
**Enlarged cardiac silhouette
*Lateral [[CXR]]:
*Lateral [[CXR]]:
**Vertical opaque line ([[pericardial fluid]]) separating a vertical lucent line directly behind [[sternum]] ([[Epicardial fat pad|epicardial fat]]) anteriorly
**Vertical opaque line ([[pericardial fluid]]) separating a vertical lucent line directly behind [[sternum]] ([[Epicardial fat pad|epicardial fat]]) anteriorly
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[[File:2958c05a9bf1f2dc6b2f83ac4f8e81 jumbo.jpeg|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
[[File:Webp.net-gifmaker (11).gif|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
|-
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| style="background: #DCDCDC; " |<small><small>[[Musculoskeletal system|Musculoskeletal involvement]]</small></small>
| style="background: #DCDCDC; " |<small><small>[[Musculoskeletal system|Musculoskeletal involvement]]</small></small>
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*Crescent sign of [[AVN]]
*Crescent sign of [[AVN]]
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[[File:Lupus-osteonecrosis-1.JPG|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
[[File:Webp.net-gifmaker (12).gif|thumb|300px|<SMALL><SMALL>''[https://radiopaedia.org/ Adapted from Radiopaedia]''</SMALL></SMALL>]]  
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Latest revision as of 16:19, 1 February 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mahshid Mir, M.D. [2]

Overview

On X-ray imaging, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may be characterized by different features regarding the present complication. The most common characteristic findings of SLE in X-ray include thumb printing sign in the abdominal X ray, blunting of the costophrenic angle due to pleural effusion, cardiomegaly, hepatomegaly, osteoprosis, tenosinovitis, and other manifestations based on the complications.

X Ray

Findings on an X ray imaging for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) depends on the organ system involvement and may include the following features.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

More common findings

Organ Disease Description Preview
Gastrointestinal system Enteritis
Adapted from Radiopaedia
Pulmonary involvement Pleural effusion
Adapted from Radiopaedia
Pulmonary fibrosis
  • Diffuse increased interstitial markings
  • Reduce in lung volume
  • Pulmonary nodularity may be seen
  • Shaggy outline to the heart
    • Due to adjacenet lung fibrosis so the outline of the heart is less well delineated
  • Tracheomegaly
Adapted from Radiopaedia
Pulmonary hypertension
Adapted from Radiopaedia
Acute pneumonitis
Adapted from Radiopaedia
Cardiac involvement Cardiomegaly
Adapted from Radiopaedia
Mitral stenosis
Musculoskeletal involvement Arthritis
Adapted from Radiopaedia
Osteoporosis
Adapted from Radiopaedia

Less common findings

Organ Disease Description Preview
Gastrointestinal system Intestinal pseudo-obstruction
  • Dilated bowel loops with or without the presence of fluid levels
  • Upright chest radiographs for perforation evaluating
Adapted from Radiopaedia
Autosplenectomy
  • Calcified spleen may be visible in the left upper quadrant
Hepatomegaly
  • Enlargement of liver silhouette
  • Medially displaced bowel loops
Adapted from Radiopaedia
Pulmonary involvement Respiratory muscle dysfunction
  • Elevated hemidiaphragms at CXR
  • Linear atelectasis and an ill-defined juxtadiaphragmatic areas of increased opacity
Adapted from Radiopaedia
Pulmonary hemorrhage
  • Patchy bilateral and acinar areas of increased opacity, predominantly in the lower lungs
Adapted from Radiopaedia
Pulmonary emboli
Adapted from Radiopaedia
Shrinking lung syndrome
Cardiac involvement Mitral regurgitation
Adapted from Radiopaedia
Pericardial effusion
  • Globular enlargement of the cardiac shadow giving a water bottle configuration
  • Anteroposterior CXR:
    • Enlarged cardiac silhouette
  • Lateral CXR:
Adapted from Radiopaedia
Musculoskeletal involvement Osteonecrosis (Avascular necrosis)
  • Initial minor osteopenia, followed by variable density
  • Gradually micro-fractures of the subchondral bone accumulate in the dead bone
  • Collapse of the articular surface
  • Crescent sign of AVN
Adapted from Radiopaedia

References

  1. Appenzeller S (2013). "Magnetic resonance imaging in systemic lupus erythematosus: where do we stand?". Cogn Behav Neurol. 26 (2): 53–4. doi:10.1097/WNN.0b013e31829d5b60. PMID 23812167.
  2. Thurman JM, Serkova NJ (2015). "Non-invasive imaging to monitor lupus nephritis and neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus". F1000Res. 4: 153. doi:10.12688/f1000research.6587.2. PMC 4536614. PMID 26309728.
  3. Lin K, Lloyd-Jones DM, Li D, Liu Y, Yang J, Markl M, Carr JC (2015). "Imaging of cardiovascular complications in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus". Lupus. 24 (11): 1126–34. doi:10.1177/0961203315588577. PMC 4567427. PMID 26038342.
  4. Sarbu N, Bargalló N, Cervera R (2015). "Advanced and Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Lupus". F1000Res. 4: 162. doi:10.12688/f1000research.6522.2. PMC 4505788. PMID 26236469.
  5. Qin H, Guo Q, Shen N, Huang X, Wu H, Zhang M, Bao C, Chen S (2014). "Chest imaging manifestations in lupus nephritis". Clin. Rheumatol. 33 (6): 817–23. doi:10.1007/s10067-014-2586-2. PMID 24696368.
  6. Goh YP, Naidoo P, Ngian GS (2013). "Imaging of systemic lupus erythematosus. Part II: gastrointestinal, renal, and musculoskeletal manifestations". Clin Radiol. 68 (2): 192–202. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2012.06.109. PMID 22901453.
  7. Gal Y, Twig G, Mozes O, Greenberg G, Hoffmann C, Shoenfeld Y (2013). "Central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: an imaging challenge". Isr. Med. Assoc. J. 15 (7): 382–6. PMID 23943987.
  8. Shirato M, Hisa N, Fujikura Y, Ohkuma K, Kutsuki S, Hiramatsu K (1992). "[Imaging diagnosis of lupus enteritis--especially about sonographic findings]". Nihon Igaku Hoshasen Gakkai Zasshi (in Japanese). 52 (10): 1394–9. PMID 1448334.
  9. Adachi JD, Lau A (2014). "Systemic lupus erythematosus, osteoporosis, and fractures". J. Rheumatol. 41 (10): 1913–5. doi:10.3899/jrheum.140919. PMID 25275093.
  10. Curiel R, Akin EA, Beaulieu G, DePalma L, Hashefi M (2011). "PET/CT imaging in systemic lupus erythematosus". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1228: 71–80. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06076.x. PMID 21718325.
  11. Goh YP, Naidoo P, Ngian GS (2013). "Imaging of systemic lupus erythematosus. Part I: CNS, cardiovascular, and thoracic manifestations". Clin Radiol. 68 (2): 181–91. doi:10.1016/j.crad.2012.06.110. PMID 22901452.
  12. Rockall AG, Rickards D, Shaw PJ (2001). "Imaging of the pulmonary manifestations of systemic disease". Postgrad Med J. 77 (912): 621–38. PMC 1742125. PMID 11571369.

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