Autoimmune pancreatitis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
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{{Autoimmune pancreatitis}}
{{Autoimmune pancreatitis}}
 
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{IQ}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}  
==Overview==
==Overview==
The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.
Patients with autoimmune pancreatitis may do not have a positive history of [[alcohol]] abuse. Common symptoms of autoimmune pancreatitis include mild abdominal pain, abdominal mass/[[pancreatic]] mass, painless [[jaundice]], [[weight loss]], and [[diabetes mellitus]]. Less common symptoms may include symptoms related to other autoimmune diseases such as [[Sjögren's syndrome]], [[Primary sclerosing cholangitis|primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)]], [[inflammatory bowel disease]] (IBD), and [[retroperitoneal fibrosis]]. Autoimmune pancreatitis may have  extra-pancreatic involvement such as [[bile duct]], [[salivary gland]], [[retroperitoneum]], [[kidneys]], and [[orbit]] depending upon the various stages of autoimmune pancreatitis.
 
OR
 
The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Common symptoms of [disease] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Less common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].


==History and Symptoms==
==History and Symptoms==
*The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.
OR
*The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
*Symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. 
===History===
===History===
Patients with [disease name]] may have a positive history of:
Patients with autoimmune pancreatitis may do not have a positive history of:
*[History finding 1]
*[[Alcohol]] abuse
*[History finding 2]
*Other predisposing factors of [[chronic pancreatitis]]
*[History finding 3]
===Common Symptoms===
===Common Symptoms===
Common symptoms of autoimmune pancreatitis include:
Common symptoms of autoimmune pancreatitis include:
*Mild abdominal pain<ref name="pmid19568232">{{cite journal |vauthors=Frulloni L, Scattolini C, Falconi M, Zamboni G, Capelli P, Manfredi R, Graziani R, D'Onofrio M, Katsotourchi AM, Amodio A, Benini L, Vantini I |title=Autoimmune pancreatitis: differences between the focal and diffuse forms in 87 patients |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=104 |issue=9 |pages=2288–94 |year=2009 |pmid=19568232 |doi=10.1038/ajg.2009.327 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid14628814">{{cite journal |vauthors=Varadarajulu S, Cotton PB |title=Autoimmune pancreatitis: is it relevant in the west? |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=125 |issue=5 |pages=1557 |year=2003 |pmid=14628814 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Mild abdominal pain<ref name="pmid19568232">{{cite journal |vauthors=Frulloni L, Scattolini C, Falconi M, Zamboni G, Capelli P, Manfredi R, Graziani R, D'Onofrio M, Katsotourchi AM, Amodio A, Benini L, Vantini I |title=Autoimmune pancreatitis: differences between the focal and diffuse forms in 87 patients |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=104 |issue=9 |pages=2288–94 |year=2009 |pmid=19568232 |doi=10.1038/ajg.2009.327 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid14628814">{{cite journal |vauthors=Varadarajulu S, Cotton PB |title=Autoimmune pancreatitis: is it relevant in the west? |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=125 |issue=5 |pages=1557 |year=2003 |pmid=14628814 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Abdominal mass/Pancreatic mass<ref name="pmid19532132">{{cite journal |vauthors=Raina A, Yadav D, Krasinskas AM, McGrath KM, Khalid A, Sanders M, Whitcomb DC, Slivka A |title=Evaluation and management of autoimmune pancreatitis: experience at a large US center |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=104 |issue=9 |pages=2295–306 |year=2009 |pmid=19532132 |doi=10.1038/ajg.2009.325 |url=}}</ref>
*Abdominal mass/pancreatic mass<ref name="pmid19532132">{{cite journal |vauthors=Raina A, Yadav D, Krasinskas AM, McGrath KM, Khalid A, Sanders M, Whitcomb DC, Slivka A |title=Evaluation and management of autoimmune pancreatitis: experience at a large US center |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=104 |issue=9 |pages=2295–306 |year=2009 |pmid=19532132 |doi=10.1038/ajg.2009.325 |url=}}</ref>
*Jaundice<ref name="pmid18222442">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ghazale A, Chari ST, Zhang L, Smyrk TC, Takahashi N, Levy MJ, Topazian MD, Clain JE, Pearson RK, Petersen BT, Vege SS, Lindor K, Farnell MB |title=Immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis: clinical profile and response to therapy |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=134 |issue=3 |pages=706–15 |year=2008 |pmid=18222442 |doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2007.12.009 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17894845">{{cite journal |vauthors=Church NI, Pereira SP, Deheragoda MG, Sandanayake N, Amin Z, Lees WR, Gillams A, Rodriguez-Justo M, Novelli M, Seward EW, Hatfield AR, Webster GJ |title=Autoimmune pancreatitis: clinical and radiological features and objective response to steroid therapy in a UK series |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=102 |issue=11 |pages=2417–25 |year=2007 |pmid=17894845 |doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01531.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15459324">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sahani DV, Kalva SP, Farrell J, Maher MM, Saini S, Mueller PR, Lauwers GY, Fernandez CD, Warshaw AL, Simeone JF |title=Autoimmune pancreatitis: imaging features |journal=Radiology |volume=233 |issue=2 |pages=345–52 |year=2004 |pmid=15459324 |doi=10.1148/radiol.2332031436 |url=}}</ref>
*Painless [[jaundice]]<ref name="pmid18222442">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ghazale A, Chari ST, Zhang L, Smyrk TC, Takahashi N, Levy MJ, Topazian MD, Clain JE, Pearson RK, Petersen BT, Vege SS, Lindor K, Farnell MB |title=Immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis: clinical profile and response to therapy |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=134 |issue=3 |pages=706–15 |year=2008 |pmid=18222442 |doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2007.12.009 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17894845">{{cite journal |vauthors=Church NI, Pereira SP, Deheragoda MG, Sandanayake N, Amin Z, Lees WR, Gillams A, Rodriguez-Justo M, Novelli M, Seward EW, Hatfield AR, Webster GJ |title=Autoimmune pancreatitis: clinical and radiological features and objective response to steroid therapy in a UK series |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=102 |issue=11 |pages=2417–25 |year=2007 |pmid=17894845 |doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01531.x |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15459324">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sahani DV, Kalva SP, Farrell J, Maher MM, Saini S, Mueller PR, Lauwers GY, Fernandez CD, Warshaw AL, Simeone JF |title=Autoimmune pancreatitis: imaging features |journal=Radiology |volume=233 |issue=2 |pages=345–52 |year=2004 |pmid=15459324 |doi=10.1148/radiol.2332031436 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19345283">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sandanayake NS, Church NI, Chapman MH, Johnson GJ, Dhar DK, Amin Z, Deheragoda MG, Novelli M, Winstanley A, Rodriguez-Justo M, Hatfield AR, Pereira SP, Webster GJ |title=Presentation and management of post-treatment relapse in autoimmune pancreatitis/immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=7 |issue=10 |pages=1089–96 |year=2009 |pmid=19345283 |doi=10.1016/j.cgh.2009.03.021 |url=}}</ref>
*Dark [[urine]]
*Nausea, [[Nausea and vomiting|vomiting]]
*Loss of [[appetite]]
*Pale stools
*[[Weight loss]]
*[[Diabetes mellitus]]<ref name="pmid11923760">{{cite journal |vauthors=Horiuchi A, Kawa S, Hamano H, Hayama M, Ota H, Kiyosawa K |title=ERCP features in 27 patients with autoimmune pancreatitis |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=494–9 |year=2002 |pmid=11923760 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12826899">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pearson RK, Longnecker DS, Chari ST, Smyrk TC, Okazaki K, Frulloni L, Cavallini G |title=Controversies in clinical pancreatology: autoimmune pancreatitis: does it exist? |journal=Pancreas |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=1–13 |year=2003 |pmid=12826899 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


===Less Common Symptoms===
===Less Common Symptoms===
Less common symptoms of autoimmune pancreatitis include  
Less common symptoms of autoimmune pancreatitis include:
*Peripancreatic vascular complications.<ref name="pmid19532132">{{cite journal |vauthors=Raina A, Yadav D, Krasinskas AM, McGrath KM, Khalid A, Sanders M, Whitcomb DC, Slivka A |title=Evaluation and management of autoimmune pancreatitis: experience at a large US center |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=104 |issue=9 |pages=2295–306 |year=2009 |pmid=19532132 |doi=10.1038/ajg.2009.325 |url=}}</ref>
*Peripancreatic [[vascular]] complications<ref name="pmid19532132">{{cite journal |vauthors=Raina A, Yadav D, Krasinskas AM, McGrath KM, Khalid A, Sanders M, Whitcomb DC, Slivka A |title=Evaluation and management of autoimmune pancreatitis: experience at a large US center |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=104 |issue=9 |pages=2295–306 |year=2009 |pmid=19532132 |doi=10.1038/ajg.2009.325 |url=}}</ref>
*[Symptom 2]
*Symptoms related to other autoimmune diseases such as
*[Symptom 3]
**[[Sjögren's syndrome]]<ref name="pmid14508128">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kamisawa T, Egawa N, Inokuma S, Tsuruta K, Okamoto A, Kamata N, Nakamura T, Matsukawa M |title=Pancreatic endocrine and exocrine function and salivary gland function in autoimmune pancreatitis before and after steroid therapy |journal=Pancreas |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=235–8 |year=2003 |pmid=14508128 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
**[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]] (PSC)<ref name="pmid6731702">{{cite journal |vauthors=Montefusco PP, Geiss AC, Bronzo RL, Randall S, Kahn E, McKinley MJ |title=Sclerosing cholangitis, chronic pancreatitis, and Sjogren's syndrome: a syndrome complex |journal=Am. J. Surg. |volume=147 |issue=6 |pages=822–6 |year=1984 |pmid=6731702 |doi= |url=}}</ref> <ref name="pmid7129026">{{cite journal |vauthors=Epstein O, Chapman RW, Lake-Bakaar G, Foo AY, Rosalki SB, Sherlock S |title=The pancreas in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=83 |issue=6 |pages=1177–82 |year=1982 |pmid=7129026 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
**[[Inflammatory bowel disease]] (IBD)
**[[Retroperitoneal fibrosis]]<ref name="pmid12499924">{{cite journal |vauthors=Uchida K, Okazaki K, Asada M, Yazumi S, Ohana M, Chiba T, Inoue T |title=Case of chronic pancreatitis involving an autoimmune mechanism that extended to retroperitoneal fibrosis |journal=Pancreas |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=92–4 |year=2003 |pmid=12499924 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


=== Extra-pancreatic involvement depending upon the various stages of autoimmune pancreatitis: ===
=== Extra-pancreatic involvement depending upon the various stages of autoimmune pancreatitis: ===
Autoimmune pancreatitis can present in a variety of ways depending upon the stage of involvement.<ref name="pmid15017645">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hirano K, Shiratori Y, Komatsu Y, Yamamoto N, Sasahira N, Toda N, Isayama H, Tada M, Tsujino T, Nakata R, Kawase T, Katamoto T, Kawabe T, Omata M |title=Involvement of the biliary system in autoimmune pancreatitis: a follow-up study |journal=Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. |volume=1 |issue=6 |pages=453–64 |year=2003 |pmid=15017645 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18222442">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ghazale A, Chari ST, Zhang L, Smyrk TC, Takahashi N, Levy MJ, Topazian MD, Clain JE, Pearson RK, Petersen BT, Vege SS, Lindor K, Farnell MB |title=Immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis: clinical profile and response to therapy |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=134 |issue=3 |pages=706–15 |year=2008 |pmid=18222442 |doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2007.12.009 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19532132">{{cite journal |vauthors=Raina A, Yadav D, Krasinskas AM, McGrath KM, Khalid A, Sanders M, Whitcomb DC, Slivka A |title=Evaluation and management of autoimmune pancreatitis: experience at a large US center |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=104 |issue=9 |pages=2295–306 |year=2009 |pmid=19532132 |doi=10.1038/ajg.2009.325 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12769204">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tabata M, Kitayama J, Kanemoto H, Fukasawa T, Goto H, Taniwaka K |title=Autoimmune pancreatitis presenting as a mass in the head of the pancreas: a diagnosis to differentiate from cancer |journal=Am Surg |volume=69 |issue=5 |pages=363–6 |year=2003 |pmid=12769204 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10406367">{{cite journal |vauthors=Erkelens GW, Vleggaar FP, Lesterhuis W, van Buuren HR, van der Werf SD |title=Sclerosing pancreato-cholangitis responsive to steroid therapy |journal=Lancet |volume=354 |issue=9172 |pages=43–4 |year=1999 |pmid=10406367 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12856677">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kojima E, Kimura K, Noda Y, Kobayashi G, Itoh K, Fujita N |title=Autoimmune pancreatitis and multiple bile duct strictures treated effectively with steroid |journal=J. Gastroenterol. |volume=38 |issue=6 |pages=603–7 |year=2003 |pmid=12856677 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8946997">{{cite journal |vauthors=Horiuchi A, Kaneko T, Yamamura N, Nagata A, Nakamura T, Akamatsu T, Mukawa K, Kawa S, Kiyosawa K |title=Autoimmune chronic pancreatitis simulating pancreatic lymphoma |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=91 |issue=12 |pages=2607–9 |year=1996 |pmid=8946997 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15990840">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hamano H, Kawa S, Uehara T, Ochi Y, Takayama M, Komatsu K, Muraki T, Umino J, Kiyosawa K, Miyagawa S |title=Immunoglobulin G4-related lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing cholangitis that mimics infiltrating hilar cholangiocarcinoma: part of a spectrum of autoimmune pancreatitis? |journal=Gastrointest. Endosc. |volume=62 |issue=1 |pages=152–7 |year=2005 |pmid=15990840 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17894845">{{cite journal |vauthors=Church NI, Pereira SP, Deheragoda MG, Sandanayake N, Amin Z, Lees WR, Gillams A, Rodriguez-Justo M, Novelli M, Seward EW, Hatfield AR, Webster GJ |title=Autoimmune pancreatitis: clinical and radiological features and objective response to steroid therapy in a UK series |journal=Am. J. Gastroenterol. |volume=102 |issue=11 |pages=2417–25 |year=2007 |pmid=17894845 |doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01531.x |url=}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!Organ/System
!Organ/System
!Disease/manifestation
!Disease/manifestation
|-
|-
|Bile ducts
![[Bile ducts]]
|IgG4-associated cholangitis
|IgG4-associated [[cholangitis]]
|-
|-
|Salivary gland
![[Salivary gland]]
|Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis (Küttner's tumor)
|Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis (Küttner's tumor)
|-
|-
|
!
|Mikulicz's disease (IgG4-related plasmacytic exocrinopathy)
|Mikulicz's disease (IgG4-related plasmacytic exocrinopathy)
|-
|-
|Chest
!Chest
|Patchy ground glass, nodular, and consolidative lung opacities
|Patchy ground glass, nodular, and consolidative lung opacities
|-
|-
!
|[[Mediastinal]] [[fibrosis]], [[adenopathy]]
|-
![[Retroperitoneum]]
|
|
|Mediastinal fibrosis, adenopathy
* Chronic periaortitis
|-
 
|Retroperitoneum
* Idiopathic [[retroperitoneal fibrosis]]
|Chronic periaortitis
* Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis
|-
|-
|Kidneys
![[Kidneys]]
|Tubulointerstitial nephritis
|[[Tubulointerstitial nephritis]]
|-
|-
|Orbits
![[Orbits]]
|IgG4-associated pseudolymphoma
|IgG4-associated [[pseudolymphoma]]
|-
|-
|Inflammatory bowel disease
![[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
|Ulcerative colitis
|[[Ulcerative colitis]]
|}
|}


Latest revision as of 14:01, 19 January 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Iqra Qamar M.D.[2]

Overview

Patients with autoimmune pancreatitis may do not have a positive history of alcohol abuse. Common symptoms of autoimmune pancreatitis include mild abdominal pain, abdominal mass/pancreatic mass, painless jaundice, weight loss, and diabetes mellitus. Less common symptoms may include symptoms related to other autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and retroperitoneal fibrosis. Autoimmune pancreatitis may have extra-pancreatic involvement such as bile duct, salivary gland, retroperitoneum, kidneys, and orbit depending upon the various stages of autoimmune pancreatitis.

History and Symptoms

History

Patients with autoimmune pancreatitis may do not have a positive history of:

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of autoimmune pancreatitis include:

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of autoimmune pancreatitis include:

Extra-pancreatic involvement depending upon the various stages of autoimmune pancreatitis:

Autoimmune pancreatitis can present in a variety of ways depending upon the stage of involvement.[14][4][3][15][16][17][18][19][5]

Organ/System Disease/manifestation
Bile ducts IgG4-associated cholangitis
Salivary gland Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis (Küttner's tumor)
Mikulicz's disease (IgG4-related plasmacytic exocrinopathy)
Chest Patchy ground glass, nodular, and consolidative lung opacities
Mediastinal fibrosis, adenopathy
Retroperitoneum
  • Chronic periaortitis
Kidneys Tubulointerstitial nephritis
Orbits IgG4-associated pseudolymphoma
Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis

References

  1. ↑ Frulloni L, Scattolini C, Falconi M, Zamboni G, Capelli P, Manfredi R, Graziani R, D'Onofrio M, Katsotourchi AM, Amodio A, Benini L, Vantini I (2009). "Autoimmune pancreatitis: differences between the focal and diffuse forms in 87 patients". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 104 (9): 2288–94. doi:10.1038/ajg.2009.327. PMID 19568232.
  2. ↑ Varadarajulu S, Cotton PB (2003). "Autoimmune pancreatitis: is it relevant in the west?". Gastroenterology. 125 (5): 1557. PMID 14628814.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Raina A, Yadav D, Krasinskas AM, McGrath KM, Khalid A, Sanders M, Whitcomb DC, Slivka A (2009). "Evaluation and management of autoimmune pancreatitis: experience at a large US center". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 104 (9): 2295–306. doi:10.1038/ajg.2009.325. PMID 19532132.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ghazale A, Chari ST, Zhang L, Smyrk TC, Takahashi N, Levy MJ, Topazian MD, Clain JE, Pearson RK, Petersen BT, Vege SS, Lindor K, Farnell MB (2008). "Immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis: clinical profile and response to therapy". Gastroenterology. 134 (3): 706–15. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.12.009. PMID 18222442.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Church NI, Pereira SP, Deheragoda MG, Sandanayake N, Amin Z, Lees WR, Gillams A, Rodriguez-Justo M, Novelli M, Seward EW, Hatfield AR, Webster GJ (2007). "Autoimmune pancreatitis: clinical and radiological features and objective response to steroid therapy in a UK series". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102 (11): 2417–25. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01531.x. PMID 17894845.
  6. ↑ Sahani DV, Kalva SP, Farrell J, Maher MM, Saini S, Mueller PR, Lauwers GY, Fernandez CD, Warshaw AL, Simeone JF (2004). "Autoimmune pancreatitis: imaging features". Radiology. 233 (2): 345–52. doi:10.1148/radiol.2332031436. PMID 15459324.
  7. ↑ Sandanayake NS, Church NI, Chapman MH, Johnson GJ, Dhar DK, Amin Z, Deheragoda MG, Novelli M, Winstanley A, Rodriguez-Justo M, Hatfield AR, Pereira SP, Webster GJ (2009). "Presentation and management of post-treatment relapse in autoimmune pancreatitis/immunoglobulin G4-associated cholangitis". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 7 (10): 1089–96. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2009.03.021. PMID 19345283.
  8. ↑ Horiuchi A, Kawa S, Hamano H, Hayama M, Ota H, Kiyosawa K (2002). "ERCP features in 27 patients with autoimmune pancreatitis". Gastrointest. Endosc. 55 (4): 494–9. PMID 11923760.
  9. ↑ Pearson RK, Longnecker DS, Chari ST, Smyrk TC, Okazaki K, Frulloni L, Cavallini G (2003). "Controversies in clinical pancreatology: autoimmune pancreatitis: does it exist?". Pancreas. 27 (1): 1–13. PMID 12826899.
  10. ↑ Kamisawa T, Egawa N, Inokuma S, Tsuruta K, Okamoto A, Kamata N, Nakamura T, Matsukawa M (2003). "Pancreatic endocrine and exocrine function and salivary gland function in autoimmune pancreatitis before and after steroid therapy". Pancreas. 27 (3): 235–8. PMID 14508128.
  11. ↑ Montefusco PP, Geiss AC, Bronzo RL, Randall S, Kahn E, McKinley MJ (1984). "Sclerosing cholangitis, chronic pancreatitis, and Sjogren's syndrome: a syndrome complex". Am. J. Surg. 147 (6): 822–6. PMID 6731702.
  12. ↑ Epstein O, Chapman RW, Lake-Bakaar G, Foo AY, Rosalki SB, Sherlock S (1982). "The pancreas in primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis". Gastroenterology. 83 (6): 1177–82. PMID 7129026.
  13. ↑ Uchida K, Okazaki K, Asada M, Yazumi S, Ohana M, Chiba T, Inoue T (2003). "Case of chronic pancreatitis involving an autoimmune mechanism that extended to retroperitoneal fibrosis". Pancreas. 26 (1): 92–4. PMID 12499924.
  14. ↑ Hirano K, Shiratori Y, Komatsu Y, Yamamoto N, Sasahira N, Toda N, Isayama H, Tada M, Tsujino T, Nakata R, Kawase T, Katamoto T, Kawabe T, Omata M (2003). "Involvement of the biliary system in autoimmune pancreatitis: a follow-up study". Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1 (6): 453–64. PMID 15017645.
  15. ↑ Tabata M, Kitayama J, Kanemoto H, Fukasawa T, Goto H, Taniwaka K (2003). "Autoimmune pancreatitis presenting as a mass in the head of the pancreas: a diagnosis to differentiate from cancer". Am Surg. 69 (5): 363–6. PMID 12769204.
  16. ↑ Erkelens GW, Vleggaar FP, Lesterhuis W, van Buuren HR, van der Werf SD (1999). "Sclerosing pancreato-cholangitis responsive to steroid therapy". Lancet. 354 (9172): 43–4. PMID 10406367.
  17. ↑ Kojima E, Kimura K, Noda Y, Kobayashi G, Itoh K, Fujita N (2003). "Autoimmune pancreatitis and multiple bile duct strictures treated effectively with steroid". J. Gastroenterol. 38 (6): 603–7. PMID 12856677.
  18. ↑ Horiuchi A, Kaneko T, Yamamura N, Nagata A, Nakamura T, Akamatsu T, Mukawa K, Kawa S, Kiyosawa K (1996). "Autoimmune chronic pancreatitis simulating pancreatic lymphoma". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 91 (12): 2607–9. PMID 8946997.
  19. ↑ Hamano H, Kawa S, Uehara T, Ochi Y, Takayama M, Komatsu K, Muraki T, Umino J, Kiyosawa K, Miyagawa S (2005). "Immunoglobulin G4-related lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing cholangitis that mimics infiltrating hilar cholangiocarcinoma: part of a spectrum of autoimmune pancreatitis?". Gastrointest. Endosc. 62 (1): 152–7. PMID 15990840.

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