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| [[Image:Bonetumor.jpg|thumb|right|250px|An arm bone tumor]]
| | {{Bone or cartilage mass}} |
| {{Search infobox}} | | {{CMG}}{{AE}}{{MV}} |
| {{CMG}} | |
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| | ==[[Bone or cartilage mass patient information|Patient Information]]== |
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| | ==[[Bone or cartilage mass overview|Overview]]== |
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| ==Overview== | | ==[[Bone or cartilage mass classification|Classification]]== |
| '''Bone tumor''' is an inexact term, which can be used for both [[benign]] and [[malignant]] abnormal growths found in bone, but is most commonly used for primary [[tumor]]s of [[bone]], such as '''[[osteosarcoma]] (or osteoma)'''. It is less exactly applied to secondary, or [[metastasis|metastatic]] tumors found in bone.
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| ==Classification== | | ==[[Bone or cartilage mass causes|Causes]]== |
| Bone tumors may be classified as "primary tumors" which originate in the bone, and "secondary tumors" which originate elsewhere.
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| ===Primary tumors=== | | ==[[Bone or cartilage mass differential diagnosis|Differential Diagnosis]]== |
| Primary tumors of bone can be divided into [[benign|benign tumors]] and [[cancer]]s. Common benign bone tumors may be [[neoplasia|neoplastic]], developmental, [[Physical trauma|traumatic]], [[infection|infectious]], or [[inflammation|inflammatory]] in etiology. Examples of benign bone tumors include [[osteoma]], [[osteochondroma]], [[aneurysmal bone cyst]], and [[fibrous dysplasia]].
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| Malignant primary bone tumors include [[osteosarcoma]], [[chondrosarcoma]], [[Ewing's sarcoma]], and other [[sarcoma]] types. [[Multiple myeloma]] is a [[hematology|hematologic]] cancer which also frequently presents as one or more bone tumors.
| | ==[[Bone or cartilage mass epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]== |
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| ===Secondary tumors=== | | ==[[Bone or cartilage mass screening|Screening]]== |
| Secondary bone tumors include [[metastasis|metastatic]] tumors which have spread from other organs, such as the [[breast cancer|breast]], [[lung cancer|lung]], and [[prostate cancer|prostate]]. Metastatic tumors more frequently involve the [[axial skeleton]] than the [[appendicular skeleton]]. Tumors which originate in the soft tissues may also secondarily involve bones through direct invasion.
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| ==Symptoms== | | ==Diagnosis== |
| The most common symptom of bone tumors is [[Pain and nociception|pain]], but many patients will not experience any symptoms, except for a painless mass. Some bone tumors may weaken the structure of the bone, causing pathologic [[bone fracture|fractures]].
| | [[Bone or cartilage mass evaluation|Evaluation of Bone or Cartilage Mass]] | [[Bone or cartilage mass history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Bone or cartilage mass physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Bone or cartilage mass laboratory studies|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Bone or cartilage mass imaging|Imaging]] | [[Bone or cartilage mass biopsy|Biopsy]] | [[Bone or cartilage mass other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]] |
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| ==Treatment== | | ==External Links== |
| Treatment of bone tumors is highly dependant on the type of tumor. Treatment for some bone cancers may involve [[surgery]], such as limb [[amputation]], or limb-sparing surgery (often in combination with [[chemotherapy]] and [[radiation therapy]]). Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are effective in some tumors (such as [[Ewing's sarcoma]]) but less so in others (such as [[chondrosarcoma]]).
| | *[http://uwmsk.org/bayes/bonetumor.html Bayesian Bone Tumor Diagnosis] |
| | *[http://www.radiologyassistant.nl/en/p494e15cbf0d8d/bone-tumor-systematic-approach-and-differential-diagnosis.html Bone tumor - Systematic Approach and Differential Diagnosis] |
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| Limb sparing or limb salvage surgery, means the limb is spared from amputation. Instead of amputation the affected bone is removed and is done in two ways (a) bone graft, in which a bone from elsewhere from the body is taken or (b) artificial bone is put in.
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| The other surgery is called van-ness rotation or rotationplasty which is a form of amputation, in which the patient's foot is turned upwards in a 360 degree turn and the upturned foot is used as a knee.
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| ===Types of amputation===
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| ====Leg====
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| * Below knee
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| * Above knee
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| * Symes
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| * Hip disarticulation
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| * Hemipelvectomy or hindquarter, in which the whole leg is removed with one half of the pelvis
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| ====Arm====
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| * Below elbow
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| * Above elbow
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| * Shoulder disarticulation
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| * Forequarter (amputation of the whole arm, along with the shoulder blade and the clavicle)
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| The most radical of amputations is hemicorporectomy (translumbar or waist amputation) which removes the legs, the pelvis, urinary system, excretory system and the genital area (penis/testes in males and vagina/vulva in females). This operation is done in two stages. First stage is doing the colostomy and the urinary conduit, the second stage is the amputation. This is a mutilating operation and is only done as a last resort (e.g. when even pelvic exenteration doesn't work or in cases of advanced pelvic/reproductive cancers)
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| ==External links==
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| *[http://www.umdnj.edu/tutorweb www.umdnj.edu/tutorweb] Bone Tumor website created to introduce trainees in Pathology to the basic concepts in diagnosis of bone tumors.
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| *[http://bonetumor.org/ bonetumor.org]
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| *[http://www.plwc.org/bone People Living With Cancer (PLWC): Bone Cancer]
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| *[http://logikbase.com/website/techprofile.cfm?licid=934 Radioactive Bone Cement (Polymethylmethacrylate) for Treatment of Tumors in Bone 2005-066]
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| *[[Mark Cross Bone Cancer Fund]] [http://homepages.which.net/~pear.tree/]
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| == Acknowledgements ==
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| The content on this page was first contributed by: {{CMG}}
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