Nocardiosis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==History | ==History and Symptoms== | ||
Overall, 80% of nocardiosis cases present as invasive [[pulmonary]] [[infection]], disseminated infection, or [[brain abscess]]; 20% present as [[cellulitis]]. Pulmonary infection commonly presents with [[fever]], [[cough]], or chest pain. [[Central nervous system]] (CNS) symptoms include headache, [[lethargy]], [[confusion]], [[seizure]]s, or sudden onset of neurologic deficit. | Overall, 80% of nocardiosis cases present as invasive [[pulmonary]] [[infection]], disseminated infection, or [[brain abscess]]; 20% present as [[cellulitis]]. Pulmonary infection commonly presents with [[fever]], [[cough]], or chest pain. [[Central nervous system]] (CNS) symptoms include headache, [[lethargy]], [[confusion]], [[seizure]]s, or sudden onset of neurologic deficit. | ||
Pulmonary Infection | ===Pulmonary Infection=== | ||
* night [[sweat]]s, [[fever]], [[cough]], chest pain | * night [[sweat]]s, [[fever]], [[cough]], chest pain | ||
* Pulmonary nocardiosis is subacute in onset and refractory to standard antibiotherapy | * Pulmonary nocardiosis is subacute in onset and refractory to standard antibiotherapy | ||
* symptoms are more severe in [[immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] individuals | * symptoms are more severe in [[immunodeficiency|immunocompromised]] individuals | ||
* radiologic studies show multiple pulmonary infiltrates with tendency to central necrosis | * radiologic studies show multiple pulmonary infiltrates with tendency to central necrosis | ||
Neurological Infection | ===Neurological Infection=== | ||
*[[Headache]], [[lethargy]], [[confusion]], [[seizure]]s, sudden onset of neurological deficit | *[[Headache]], [[lethargy]], [[confusion]], [[seizure]]s, sudden onset of neurological deficit | ||
* [[CT scan]] shows cerebral abscess | * [[CT scan]] shows cerebral abscess | ||
* Nocardial meningitis is very rare and difficult to diagnose | * Nocardial meningitis is very rare and difficult to diagnose | ||
Lymphocutaneous | ===Lymphocutaneous Disease=== | ||
* [[Nocardial cellulitis]] is akin of [[erysipela]] but is more subacute | * [[Nocardial cellulitis]] is akin of [[erysipela]] but is more subacute | ||
* [[Nodular lymphangeitis]] mimics sporotrichosis with multiple nodules alongside a lymphatic pathway | * [[Nodular lymphangeitis]] mimics sporotrichosis with multiple nodules alongside a lymphatic pathway | ||
* [[Mycetoma]] is a rare complication and osteitis may ensue . | * [[Mycetoma]] is a rare complication and osteitis may ensue . | ||
Ocular | ===Ocular Disease=== | ||
* Very rarely nocardiae cause [[keratitis]] | * Very rarely nocardiae cause [[keratitis]] | ||
* Gennerally there is a history of ocular trauma | * Gennerally there is a history of ocular trauma | ||
Disseminated | ===Disseminated Nocardiosis=== | ||
* Disseminated infection can occur in very immunocompromised patients | * Disseminated infection can occur in very immunocompromised patients | ||
*It generally involves both lungs and brain | *It generally involves both lungs and brain | ||
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*Cutaneous lesions are very rarely seen | *Cutaneous lesions are very rarely seen | ||
* If untreated, the prognosis is grim for this form of disease | * If untreated, the prognosis is grim for this form of disease | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
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{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
[[Category:Needs content]] | [[Category:Needs content]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category: | |||
[[Category:Bacterial diseases]] | |||
[[Category:Needs overview]] | [[Category:Needs overview]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:11, 18 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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History and Symptoms
Overall, 80% of nocardiosis cases present as invasive pulmonary infection, disseminated infection, or brain abscess; 20% present as cellulitis. Pulmonary infection commonly presents with fever, cough, or chest pain. Central nervous system (CNS) symptoms include headache, lethargy, confusion, seizures, or sudden onset of neurologic deficit.
Pulmonary Infection
- night sweats, fever, cough, chest pain
- Pulmonary nocardiosis is subacute in onset and refractory to standard antibiotherapy
- symptoms are more severe in immunocompromised individuals
- radiologic studies show multiple pulmonary infiltrates with tendency to central necrosis
Neurological Infection
- Headache, lethargy, confusion, seizures, sudden onset of neurological deficit
- CT scan shows cerebral abscess
- Nocardial meningitis is very rare and difficult to diagnose
Lymphocutaneous Disease
- Nocardial cellulitis is akin of erysipela but is more subacute
- Nodular lymphangeitis mimics sporotrichosis with multiple nodules alongside a lymphatic pathway
- Mycetoma is a rare complication and osteitis may ensue .
Ocular Disease
- Very rarely nocardiae cause keratitis
- Gennerally there is a history of ocular trauma
Disseminated Nocardiosis
- Disseminated infection can occur in very immunocompromised patients
- It generally involves both lungs and brain
- Fever, moderate or very high can be seen
- Multiple cavitating pulmonary infiltrates develop
- Cerebral abscesses arise later
- Cutaneous lesions are very rarely seen
- If untreated, the prognosis is grim for this form of disease