Gas gangrene: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 17:47, 18 September 2017

This page is about clinical aspects of the disease. For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Clostridium perfringens.

For patient information click here

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: Myonecrosis; tissue infection - Clostridial; gangrene - gas; clostridial infection of tissues; clostridial myonecrosis

Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Gas gangrene from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin

Template:Bacterial diseases

Template:WikiDoc Sources

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-{{Infobox_Disease |
+__NOTOC__
-  Name           = Gas gangrene |
+{{Gas gangrene}}
-  Image          = |
+{{About1|Clostridium perfringens}}
-  Caption        = |
-  DiseasesDB     = 31141 |
-  ICD10          = {{ICD10|A|48|0|a|30}} |
-  ICD9           = {{ICD9|040.0}} |
-  ICDO           = |
-  OMIM           = |
-  MedlinePlus    = |
-  eMedicineSubj  = med |
-  eMedicineTopic = 843 |
-  eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|emerg|211}} {{eMedicine2|med|394}} |
-  MeshID         = D005738 |
-}}
-{{SI}}
+'''For patient information click [[{{PAGENAME}} (patient information)|here]]'''
+{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}
-==Overview==
+{{SK}} Myonecrosis; tissue infection - Clostridial; gangrene - gas; clostridial infection of tissues; clostridial myonecrosis
-'''Gas gangrene''' is a [[bacteria]]l [[infection]] that produces [[gas]] within [[biological tissue|tissue]]s in [[gangrene]]. It is a deadly form of gangrene usually caused by [[Clostridium]] bacteria. It is a [[medical emergency]].
+==[[Gas gangrene overview|Overview]]==
-==Features==
+==[[Gas gangrene pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
-Gas gangrene can cause [[myonecrosis]], gas production, and [[sepsis]]. Progression to [[toxemia]] and [[Shock (medical)|shock]] is often very rapid.
-==Pathophysiology==
+==[[Gas gangrene causes|Causes]]==
-Gas gangrene is caused by [[exotoxin]]-producing [[Clostridium|Clostridial]] species (most often ''[[Clostridium perfringens]]''), which is mostly found in soil but also found as normal [[gut flora]], and other [[anaerobe]]s (e.g. ''[[Bacteroides]]'' and anaerobic [[Streptococcus|streptococci]]). The exotoxin is commonly found in ''C. perfringens'' type A strain and is known as [[Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin|alpha toxin]]. These environmental bacteria may enter the muscle through a wound and go on to proliferate in necrotic tissue and secrete powerful toxins. These toxins destroy nearby tissue, generating gas at the same time.
-A gas composition of 5.9% hydrogen, 3.4% carbon dioxide, 74.5% nitrogen and 16.1% oxygen was reported in one clinical case.<ref>{{note|Chi}}{{cite journal | author=Chi CH, Chen KW, Huang JJ, Chuang YC, Wu MH | title=Gas composition in Clostridium septicum gas gangrene | journal=J Formos Med Assoc | year=1995 | pages=757-9 | volume=94 | issue=12  | id=PMID 8541740}}</ref>
+==[[Gas gangrene differential diagnosis|Differentiating Gas gangrene from other Diseases]]==
+==[[Gas gangrene epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
+==[[Gas gangrene natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
+==Diagnosis==
+[[Gas gangrene history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Gas gangrene physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Gas gangrene laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Gas gangrene x ray|X Ray]] | [[Gas gangrene CT|CT]] | [[Gas gangrene MRI|MRI]] | [[Gas gangrene ultrasound|Ultrasound]] | [[Gas gangrene other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 ==Treatment==
-Treatment is usually [[debridement]] and [[excision]] with amputation necessary in many cases. [[Antibiotic]]s alone are not effective because they don't penetrate [[ischemic]] [[muscle]]s enough to be effective. However, penicillin is given as an [[adjuvant treatment]] to surgery. In addition to surgery and antibiotics, [[hyperbaric oxygen therapy]] (HBOT) is used and acts to inhibit the growth of and kill the anaerobic C. perfringens.
+[[Gas gangrene medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Gas gangrene surgery|Surgery]] | [[Gas gangrene primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Gas gangrene cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Gas gangrene future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
-==References==
+==Case Studies==
-<references/>
+[[Gas gangrene case study one|Case #1]]
-==External links==
+== Related Chapters ==
-* {{GPnotebook|1664417799}}
+*[[Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin]]
+[[Category:Disease]]
+[[Category:Surgery]]
+[[Category:Pathology]]
+[[Category:Bacterial diseases]]
 {{Bacterial diseases}}
 [[pt:Gangrena gasosa]]
 [[ru:Гангрена газовая]]
 [[pl:Zgorzel gazowa]]
 {{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
 {{WikiDoc Sources}}
-[[Category:Disease]]
-[[Category:Infectious disease]]