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'''For patient information, click [[Fungemia (patient information)|here]]'''
{{Fungemia}}
{{Fungemia}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}
==Overview==
'''Fungemia''' (also known as '''Candidemia''', '''Candedemia''', and '''Invasive Candidiasis''') is the presence of [[fungus|fungi]] or [[yeast]]s in the [[blood]]. It is most commonly seen in [[immunosuppressed]] or [[immunocompromised]] [[patient]]s with severe [[neutropenia]], [[oncology]] patients, or in patients with intravenous [[catheter]]s.  Recently, it has been suggested the otherwise immunocompetent patients taking [[infliximab]] may be at a higher risk for fungemia.


==Risk factors==
{{SK}} Candidemia; candedemia; invasive candidiasis
The two most important risk factors are:


# Use of [[broad-spectrum antibiotic]]s
==[[Fungemia overview|Overview]]==
# Colonization by fungi (see e.g. [[candidiasis]])


Other risk factors include:
==[[Fungemia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


* [[Dialysis]]
==[[Fungemia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
* [[Diabetes]]
* Lowered intestinal flora
* Suppressed [[Immune system]]
* [[Central venous catheter]]
* High severity of illness
* Multiple [[abdominal]] [[surgery|surgeries]]
* Use of [[steroid]]s
* [[Burn (injury)|burn]]s


==Differential diagnosis of most common pathogens==
==[[Fungemia causes|Causes]]==
The most commonly known [[pathogen]] is ''[[Candida albicans]]'', causing roughly 70% of fungemias, followed by ''[[Candida glabrata]]'' with 10%, and ''[[Aspergillus]]'' with 1%.  However, the frequency of infection by ''T. glabrata'', ''[[Candida tropicalis]]'', ''[[Candida krusei|C. krusei]]'', and ''[[Candida parapsilosis|C. parapsilosis]]'' is increasing, especially when significant use of [[fluconazole]] is common.


==Signs and symptoms==
==[[Fungemia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Fungemia from other Diseases]]==
Symptoms can range from mild to extreme, often described as extreme [[flu]]-like symptoms. Pain, mental disorders, chronic [[fatigue (medical)|fatigue]], [[infections]], are a few of the long list of associated symptoms with Fungemia.


==[[Fungemia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
==[[Fungemia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Fungemia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
The [[diagnosis]] is complicated, as routine [[blood culture]]s have poor sensitivity.
[[Fungemia history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Fungemia physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Fungemia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]]| [[Fungemia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
Treatment involves use of [[antifungals]], e.g. [[fluconazole]] or [[amphotericin]].
[[Fungemia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Fungemia prevention|Prevention]] | [[Fungemia cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Fungemia future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
== See also ==
==Case Studies==
[[Fungemia case study one|Case #1]]
==Related Chapters==
* [[Bacteremia]]
* [[Bacteremia]]
* [[Candidiasis]]
* [[Candidiasis]]
 
==External Link==
==External link==
* [http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/surgery/trauma/egs/EGSProtocols/treatment%20of%20fungal%20infe.pdf Treatment of fungal infections]
* [http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/surgery/trauma/egs/EGSProtocols/treatment%20of%20fungal%20infe.pdf Treatment of fungal infections]


{{Intensive care medicine}}
{{Intensive care medicine}}


[[Category:Fungal diseases]]
[[Category:Fungal diseases]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 
[[Category:Disease]]


[[pl:Fungemia]]
[[pl:Fungemia]]

Latest revision as of 17:46, 18 September 2017

For patient information, click here

Fungemia Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Fungemia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Fungemia On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Fungemia

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Fungemia

CDC on Fungemia

Fungemia in the news

Blogs on Fungemia

Directions to Hospitals Treating Fungemia

Risk calculators and risk factors for Fungemia

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Synonyms and keywords: Candidemia; candedemia; invasive candidiasis

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Fungemia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings| Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

External Link

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