Pleural empyema epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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{{Pleural empyema}} | {{Pleural empyema}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{PTD}} | |||
==Overview== | |||
The incidence and prevalence of empyema has been increasing over the past 15 years. More than 40% of patients have preexisting comorbidities.<ref name="pmid24394842">{{cite journal| author=Søgaard M, Nielsen RB, Nørgaard M, Kornum JB, Schønheyder HC, Thomsen RW| title=Incidence, length of stay, and prognosis of hospitalized patients with pleural empyema: a 15-year Danish nationwide cohort study. | journal=Chest | year= 2014 | volume= 145 | issue= 1 | pages= 189-92 | pmid=24394842 | doi=10.1378/chest.13-1912 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24394842 }} </ref> There have been a 26% increase in age and sex-standardized incidence rate from 8.7 per 100,000 person-years in 1997 to 11.8 per 100,000 person in 2011.<ref name="pmid24394842">{{cite journal| author=Søgaard M, Nielsen RB, Nørgaard M, Kornum JB, Schønheyder HC, Thomsen RW| title=Incidence, length of stay, and prognosis of hospitalized patients with pleural empyema: a 15-year Danish nationwide cohort study. | journal=Chest | year= 2014 | volume= 145 | issue= 1 | pages= 189-92 | pmid=24394842 | doi=10.1378/chest.13-1912 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24394842 }} </ref> This increment is most notably among older people aged ≥ 80 years (87.3% [from 20.4 per 100,000 in 1997 to 38.2 per 100,000 in 2011]) compared with people aged 40 to 64 years (27.8% [from 10.7 per 100,000 in 1997 to 12.6 per 100,000 in 2011]).<ref name="pmid24394842">{{cite journal| author=Søgaard M, Nielsen RB, Nørgaard M, Kornum JB, Schønheyder HC, Thomsen RW| title=Incidence, length of stay, and prognosis of hospitalized patients with pleural empyema: a 15-year Danish nationwide cohort study. | journal=Chest | year= 2014 | volume= 145 | issue= 1 | pages= 189-92 | pmid=24394842 | doi=10.1378/chest.13-1912 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24394842 }} </ref> Men are more commonly affected with empyema than women. The male to female ratio is approximately 1.7- to 3.1-fold higher in men than in women.<ref name="pmid24394842">{{cite journal| author=Søgaard M, Nielsen RB, Nørgaard M, Kornum JB, Schønheyder HC, Thomsen RW| title=Incidence, length of stay, and prognosis of hospitalized patients with pleural empyema: a 15-year Danish nationwide cohort study. | journal=Chest | year= 2014 | volume= 145 | issue= 1 | pages= 189-92 | pmid=24394842 | doi=10.1378/chest.13-1912 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24394842 }} </ref> The rate of patients with empyema requiring hospitalization appear to be increasing in western populations, however updated population-based data are scanty. The few available data on adult empyema have reported increase between 30% and 97% over the past 15 years in the United States and Canada.<ref name="pmid24394842">{{cite journal| author=Søgaard M, Nielsen RB, Nørgaard M, Kornum JB, Schønheyder HC, Thomsen RW| title=Incidence, length of stay, and prognosis of hospitalized patients with pleural empyema: a 15-year Danish nationwide cohort study. | journal=Chest | year= 2014 | volume= 145 | issue= 1 | pages= 189-92 | pmid=24394842 | doi=10.1378/chest.13-1912 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24394842 }} </ref><ref name="pmid17258562">{{cite journal| author=Farjah F, Symons RG, Krishnadasan B, Wood DE, Flum DR| title=Management of pleural space infections: a population-based analysis. | journal=J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg | year= 2007 | volume= 133 | issue= 2 | pages= 346-51 | pmid=17258562 | doi=10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.09.038 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17258562 }} </ref> There is however a decreasing trend in the median days of hospital stay from 22 days 17 days.<ref name="pmid24394842" /> | |||
==Epidemiology and demographics== | |||
===Incidence and prevalence=== | |||
The incidence and prevalence of empyema has been increasing over the past 15 years. More than 40% of patients have preexisting comorbidities.<ref name="pmid24394842">{{cite journal| author=Søgaard M, Nielsen RB, Nørgaard M, Kornum JB, Schønheyder HC, Thomsen RW| title=Incidence, length of stay, and prognosis of hospitalized patients with pleural empyema: a 15-year Danish nationwide cohort study. | journal=Chest | year= 2014 | volume= 145 | issue= 1 | pages= 189-92 | pmid=24394842 | doi=10.1378/chest.13-1912 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24394842 }} </ref> | |||
There have been a 26% increase in age and sex-standardized incidence rate from 8.7 per 100,000 person-years in 1997 to 11.8 per 100,000 person-years in 2011.<ref name="pmid24394842">{{cite journal| author=Søgaard M, Nielsen RB, Nørgaard M, Kornum JB, Schønheyder HC, Thomsen RW| title=Incidence, length of stay, and prognosis of hospitalized patients with pleural empyema: a 15-year Danish nationwide cohort study. | journal=Chest | year= 2014 | volume= 145 | issue= 1 | pages= 189-92 | pmid=24394842 | doi=10.1378/chest.13-1912 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24394842 }} </ref> This increment is most notably among older people aged ≥ 80 years (87.3% [from 20.4 per 100,000 in 1997 to 38.2 per 100,000 in 2011]) compared with people aged 40 to 64 years (27.8% [from 10.7 per 100,000 in 1997 to 12.6 per 100,000 in 2011])<ref name="pmid24394842">{{cite journal| author=Søgaard M, Nielsen RB, Nørgaard M, Kornum JB, Schønheyder HC, Thomsen RW| title=Incidence, length of stay, and prognosis of hospitalized patients with pleural empyema: a 15-year Danish nationwide cohort study. | journal=Chest | year= 2014 | volume= 145 | issue= 1 | pages= 189-92 | pmid=24394842 | doi=10.1378/chest.13-1912 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24394842 }} </ref> | |||
===Age=== | |||
Empyema is increases with increasing age. Elderly patients >64 years are most commonly affected.<ref name="pmid24394842">{{cite journal| author=Søgaard M, Nielsen RB, Nørgaard M, Kornum JB, Schønheyder HC, Thomsen RW| title=Incidence, length of stay, and prognosis of hospitalized patients with pleural empyema: a 15-year Danish nationwide cohort study. | journal=Chest | year= 2014 | volume= 145 | issue= 1 | pages= 189-92 | pmid=24394842 | doi=10.1378/chest.13-1912 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24394842 }} </ref> | |||
===Gender=== | |||
Men are more commonly affected with empyema than women. The male to female ratio is approximately 1.7- to 3.1-fold higher in men than in women.<ref name="pmid24394842">{{cite journal| author=Søgaard M, Nielsen RB, Nørgaard M, Kornum JB, Schønheyder HC, Thomsen RW| title=Incidence, length of stay, and prognosis of hospitalized patients with pleural empyema: a 15-year Danish nationwide cohort study. | journal=Chest | year= 2014 | volume= 145 | issue= 1 | pages= 189-92 | pmid=24394842 | doi=10.1378/chest.13-1912 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24394842 }} </ref> | |||
===Developed and developing countries=== | |||
The rate of patients with [[empyema]] requiring hospitalization appears to be increasing in western populations, however updated population-based data are scanty. The few available data on adult empyema have reported increases between 30% and 97% over the past 15 years in the United States and Canada.<ref name="pmid24394842">{{cite journal| author=Søgaard M, Nielsen RB, Nørgaard M, Kornum JB, Schønheyder HC, Thomsen RW| title=Incidence, length of stay, and prognosis of hospitalized patients with pleural empyema: a 15-year Danish nationwide cohort study. | journal=Chest | year= 2014 | volume= 145 | issue= 1 | pages= 189-92 | pmid=24394842 | doi=10.1378/chest.13-1912 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24394842 }} </ref><ref name="pmid17258562">{{cite journal| author=Farjah F, Symons RG, Krishnadasan B, Wood DE, Flum DR| title=Management of pleural space infections: a population-based analysis. | journal=J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg | year= 2007 | volume= 133 | issue= 2 | pages= 346-51 | pmid=17258562 | doi=10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.09.038 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17258562 }} </ref> | |||
There is however a decreasing trend in the median days of hospital stay from 22 days 17 days.<ref name="pmid24394842">{{cite journal| author=Søgaard M, Nielsen RB, Nørgaard M, Kornum JB, Schønheyder HC, Thomsen RW| title=Incidence, length of stay, and prognosis of hospitalized patients with pleural empyema: a 15-year Danish nationwide cohort study. | journal=Chest | year= 2014 | volume= 145 | issue= 1 | pages= 189-92 | pmid=24394842 | doi=10.1378/chest.13-1912 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24394842 }} </ref> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Latest revision as of 17:46, 16 January 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Prince Tano Djan, BSc, MBChB [2]
Overview
The incidence and prevalence of empyema has been increasing over the past 15 years. More than 40% of patients have preexisting comorbidities.[1] There have been a 26% increase in age and sex-standardized incidence rate from 8.7 per 100,000 person-years in 1997 to 11.8 per 100,000 person in 2011.[1] This increment is most notably among older people aged ≥ 80 years (87.3% [from 20.4 per 100,000 in 1997 to 38.2 per 100,000 in 2011]) compared with people aged 40 to 64 years (27.8% [from 10.7 per 100,000 in 1997 to 12.6 per 100,000 in 2011]).[1] Men are more commonly affected with empyema than women. The male to female ratio is approximately 1.7- to 3.1-fold higher in men than in women.[1] The rate of patients with empyema requiring hospitalization appear to be increasing in western populations, however updated population-based data are scanty. The few available data on adult empyema have reported increase between 30% and 97% over the past 15 years in the United States and Canada.[1][2] There is however a decreasing trend in the median days of hospital stay from 22 days 17 days.[1]
Epidemiology and demographics
Incidence and prevalence
The incidence and prevalence of empyema has been increasing over the past 15 years. More than 40% of patients have preexisting comorbidities.[1]
There have been a 26% increase in age and sex-standardized incidence rate from 8.7 per 100,000 person-years in 1997 to 11.8 per 100,000 person-years in 2011.[1] This increment is most notably among older people aged ≥ 80 years (87.3% [from 20.4 per 100,000 in 1997 to 38.2 per 100,000 in 2011]) compared with people aged 40 to 64 years (27.8% [from 10.7 per 100,000 in 1997 to 12.6 per 100,000 in 2011])[1]
Age
Empyema is increases with increasing age. Elderly patients >64 years are most commonly affected.[1]
Gender
Men are more commonly affected with empyema than women. The male to female ratio is approximately 1.7- to 3.1-fold higher in men than in women.[1]
Developed and developing countries
The rate of patients with empyema requiring hospitalization appears to be increasing in western populations, however updated population-based data are scanty. The few available data on adult empyema have reported increases between 30% and 97% over the past 15 years in the United States and Canada.[1][2]
There is however a decreasing trend in the median days of hospital stay from 22 days 17 days.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 Søgaard M, Nielsen RB, Nørgaard M, Kornum JB, Schønheyder HC, Thomsen RW (2014). "Incidence, length of stay, and prognosis of hospitalized patients with pleural empyema: a 15-year Danish nationwide cohort study". Chest. 145 (1): 189–92. doi:10.1378/chest.13-1912. PMID 24394842.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Farjah F, Symons RG, Krishnadasan B, Wood DE, Flum DR (2007). "Management of pleural space infections: a population-based analysis". J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 133 (2): 346–51. doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.09.038. PMID 17258562.