Vitamin D deficiency
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Vitamin D deficiency Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Vitamin D deficiency On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Vitamin D deficiency |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sadaf Sharfaei M.D.[2]
Synonyms and keywords: Hypovitaminosis D; Low vitamin D
Overview
The definition and criteria for vitamin D deficiency are very difficult. Per a narrative review, "over 60 Mendelian randomization studies, designed to minimize bias from confounding, have evaluated the consequences of lifelong genetically lowered serum 25OHD concentrations on various outcomes and most studies have found null effects"[1].
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Vitamin D deficiency from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic study of choice | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Electrocardiogram | Laboratory Findings | X-Ray Findings | Echocardiography and Ultrasound | CT-Scan Findings | MRI Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies | Other Imaging Findings
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
References
- ↑ Bouillon R, Manousaki D, Rosen C, Trajanoska K, Rivadeneira F, Richards JB (2022). "The health effects of vitamin D supplementation: evidence from human studies". Nat Rev Endocrinol. 18 (2): 96–110. doi:10.1038/s41574-021-00593-z. PMC 8609267 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 34815552 Check|pmid=value (help).