Tibial plateau fracture classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rohan A. Bhimani, M.B.B.S., D.N.B., M.Ch.[2]
Overview
There are multiple classifications available for tibial plateau fracture. The most common classification systems for tibial plateau fracture include Schatzker, Hohl and Moore, Luo's three column concept and AO classification.
Classification
There are multiple classifications available for tibial plateau fracture. The most common classification systems for tibial plateau fracture include Schatzker, Hohl and Moore, Luo's three column concept and AO/OTA classification.[1][2]
Schatzker Classification
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- Schatzker classification is the most commonly used classification for tibial plateau fracture.[3]
| Schatzker Classification | |
|---|---|
| Type I | Lateral split fracture |
| Type II | Lateral Split-depressed fracture |
| Type III | Lateral Pure depression fracture |
| Type IV | Medial plateau fracture |
| Type V | Bicondylar fracture |
| Type VI | Metaphyseal-diaphyseal dissociation |
Hohl and Moore Classification
- Hohl and Moore classification of tibial plateau fracture is useful for fracture dislocation, fracture patterns that cannot be classified by Schatzker classification and fractures associated with knee instability.[4]
| Hohl and Moore Classification | |
|---|---|
| Type I | Coronal split fracture |
| Type II | Entire condylar fracture |
| Type III | Rim avulsion fracture of lateral plateau |
| Type IV | Rim compression fracture |
| Type V | Four-part fracture |
Luo's Three Column Classification
- Luo's classified tibial plateau fracture based on computed tomography ‘‘three column fixation’’ concept which aided in column-specific fixation technique.[5]
| Luo's Three Column Classification | |
|---|---|
| Zero-column fracture | Pure articular depression |
| 1 Column fracture | Lateral column fracture |
| 2 Column fracture | Lateral and posterior column fracture |
| 3 Column fracture | Bicondylar fracture dividing into three fragments |
OTA System
- AO/ASIF classification is also a widely accepted classification.[6]
- Proximal tibia is given the number 41 based on the classification.
- It is further subdivided as:
| OTA System | ||
|---|---|---|
| A | Extra-articular fractures | |
| A1 | Avulsion | |
| A2 | Metaphyseal simple | |
| A3 | Metaphyseal multifragmentary | |
| B | Partial articular fractures | |
| B1 | Pure split | |
| B2 | Pure depression | |
| B3 | Split depression | |
| C | Complete articular fractures | |
| C1 | Articular simple + metaphyseal simple | |
| C2 | Articular simple, metaphyseal multifragmentary | |
| C3 | Articular multifragmentary | |
References
- ↑ Rockwood, Charles (2010). Rockwood and Green's fractures in adults. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9781605476773.
- ↑ Azar, Frederick (2017). Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. ISBN 9780323374620.
- ↑ Schatzker J, McBroom R, Bruce D (1979). "The tibial plateau fracture. The Toronto experience 1968--1975". Clin Orthop Relat Res (138): 94–104. PMID 445923.
- ↑ Hohl M, Moore TM. Articular fractures of the proximal tibia. In: Evarts CM, editor. Surgery of the musculoskeletal system. 2nd ed., New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1990.
- ↑ Luo CF, Sun H, Zhang B, Zeng BF (2010). "Three-column fixation for complex tibial plateau fractures". J Orthop Trauma. 24 (11): 683–92. doi:10.1097/BOT.0b013e3181d436f3. PMID 20881634.
- ↑ ME Muller, S Nazarian, P Koch. Classification AO des fractures. 1 Les os longs. Springler-Verlag, Berlin, 1987.