Sandbox Danitza
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], {{ }} , Danitza Lukac
Synonyms and keywords:
Paracoccidioidomycosis, South American blastomycosis, Brazilian blastomycosis, Paraccocidioidal granuloma, Lutz-Splendore-de-Almeida disease, Almeida disease
Overview
Paracoccidioidomycosis (also known as Lutz-Splendore-Almeida disease or Brazilian blastomycosis) is a mycosis caused by the fungus by the thermally dimorphic fungus: Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Paracoccidioides lutzii. [1] Sometimes called South American blastomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis is caused by a different fungus than that which causes blastomycosis. It is very common mycotic infection in South and Central America. The habitat of the infectious agent is not known, but appears to be aquatic. In biopsies, the fungus appears as a polygemulating yeast with a pilot's wheel-like appearance. [2]
Historical Perspective
Adolfo Lutz, a Brazilian physician, first discovered Paracoccidioides brasilensis in 1908. In 1912, another Brazilian physician, Luigi Splendore, described the fungus and changed its name to Zimonema brasiliense. At last, physician Floriano de Almeida in 1930 created the genre Paracoccidioides to accommodate the species, and stating its difference from paracocidioides immitis. [3]
Classification
Paracoccidioidomycosis may be classified according to Franco et al. in 1987 into: paracoccidioidomycosis infection, paracoccidioidomycosis disease, paracoccidioidomycosis associated with inmunosupression and residual form (Sequela). Based on the duration of symptoms, paracoccidioidomycosis disease may be classified into: acute, subacute or chronic. The chronic form can be subclassified into: unifocal and multifocal.[1][4]
Pathophysiology
Causes
Paracoccidioidomycosis is cause by inhalation of spores of Paracoccidioides brasilensis which grow on the soil of endemic rural areas. [5]
Differentiating Paracoccidiodomycosis
- Paracoccidioidomycosis acute form
- Lymphoma
- Leukemia
- Toxoplasmosis
- Sarcoidosis
- Paracoccidioidomycosis chronic form
- Tuberculosis
- Leishmaniasis
- Histoplasmosis
- Coccidioidomycosis
- Cryptococcosis
- Actinomycosis
- Esporotricosis
- Chromoblastomycosis
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Wegener's granulomatosis Morón C, Ivanov M, Verea M, Pecotche D. Paracoccidioidomicosis, presentación de la casuística de diez años y revisión de la literatura. Arch. Argent. Dermatol. 2012; 62: 92-97,
Epidemiology and Demograpgics
Paracoccidiodomycosis is an endemic disease that tends to affect agriculture workers in South and Central America. The countries with the greatest number of patients are: Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela, with the greatest number of cases seen in Brazil. [1] PMC disease affects men more commonly than women, but PMC infection can affect anyone. [4]
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of paracoccidioidomycosis disease are: "Poor hygiene, malnutrition, smoking, and alcohol consumption". [1]
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Children in endemic rural areas get infected but normally don't develop the disease until later. and then when they get older, they develop the disease. that's how it works
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 de Oliveira HC, Assato PA, Marcos CM, Scorzoni L, de Paula E Silva AC, Da Silva Jde F; et al. (2015). "Paracoccidioides-host Interaction: An Overview on Recent Advances in the Paracoccidioidomycosis". Front Microbiol. 6: 1319. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.01319. PMC 4658449. PMID 26635779.
- ↑ Paracoccidioidomycosis. Wikipedia.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracoccidioidomycosis. Accessed on January 12, 2015
- ↑ Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Wikipedia.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracoccidioides_brasiliensis#cite_note-6. Accessed on January 12, 2015
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Fortes MR, Miot HA, Kurokawa CS, Marques ME, Marques SA (2011). "Immunology of paracoccidioidomycosis". An Bras Dermatol. 86 (3): 516–24. PMID 21738969.
- ↑ Paracoccidioidomycosis. Merck Manual Consumer version. http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/fungal-infections/paracoccidioidomycosis. Accessed on January 12, 2015