Sandbox/00004

Recommendations for Use of Bedside Right Heart Catheterization

Recommendations for Use of Bedside Right Heart Catheterization.

Heart Failure
Conditions In Which RHC is Warranted	Conditions in Which Differences of Opinion Exist	Conditions in Which RHC Is Not Warranted
Differentiation between hemodynamic and permeability pulmonary edema or dyspnea (or determination of contribution of left heart failure to respiratory insufficiency in patients with concurrent cardiac and pulmonary disease) when a trial of diuretic and/or vasodilator therapy has failed or is associated with high risk Differentiation between cardiogenic and noncardiogenic shock when a trial of intravascular volume expansion has failed or is associated with high risk; guidance of pharmacologic and/or mechanical support Guidance of therapy in patients with concomitant manifestations of “forward” (hypotension, oliguria, and/or azotemia) and “backward” (dyspnea and/or hypoxemia) heart failure Determination of whether pericardial tamponade is present when clinical assessment is inconclusive and echocardiography is unavailable, technically inadequate or nondiagnostic Guidance of perioperative management in selected patients with decompensated heart failure undergoing intermediate or high risk noncardiac surgery Detection of presence of pulmonary vasoconstriction and determination of its reversibility in patients being considered for heart transplantation	Differentiation between hemodynamic and permeability pulmonary edema or dyspnea (or determination of the contribution of left heart failure to respiratory insufficiency in patients with concurrent cardiac and pulmonary disease) when a trial of diuretic and/or vasodilator therapy is associated with low or intermediate risk Differentiation between cardiogenic and noncardiogenic shock when a trial of intravascular volume expansion is associated with intermediate risk Facilitation of titration of diuretic, vasodilator and inotropic therapy in patients with severe heart failure Guidance of perioperative management in patients with compensated heart failure undergoing intermediate or high risk noncardiac surgery	Routine management of pulmonary edema, even if endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation have been necessary Differentiation between cardiogenic and noncardiogenic shock before a trial of intravascular volume expansion, when such a trial is associated with low risk Institution or titration of diuretic and/or vasodilator therapy in patients with mild or moderate heart failure Marked hemodynamic instability in patients in whom pericardial tamponade is certain or probable by clinical and/or echocardiographic criteria and RHC would delay treatment Guidance of perioperative management in patients with compensated heart failure undergoing low risk noncardiac surgery
Acute Myocardial Infarction
Conditions In Which RHC is Warranted	Conditions in Which Differences of Opinion Exist	Conditions in Which RHC Is Not Warranted
Differentiation between cardiogenic and hypovolemic shock when initial therapy with intravascular volume expansion and low doses of inotropic drugs has failed Guidance of management of cardiogenic shock with pharmacologic and/or mechanical support in patients with and without coronary reperfusion therapy Short-term guidance of pharmacologic and/or mechanical management of acute mitral regurgitation (with or without disruption of the mitral valve) before surgical correction Establishment of severity of left to right shunting and short-term guidance of pharmacologic and/or mechanical management of ventricular septal rupture before surgical correction Guidance of management of right ventricular infarction with hypotension and/or signs of low cardiac output not responding to intravascular volume expansion, low doses of inotropic drugs and/ or restoration of heart rate and atrioventricular synchrony Guidance of management of acute pulmonary edema not responding to treatment with diuretic drugs, nitroglycerin, other vasodilator agents and low doses of inotropic drugs	Guidance of ongoing management of hypotension, after response to initial therapy with intravascular volume expansion and/or low doses of inotropic drugs Short-term guidance of pharmacologic and/or mechanical management of acute mitral regurgitation if operation is delayed or not contemplated Establishment of severity of left to right shunting and short-term guidance of pharmacologic and/or mechanical management of ventricular septal rupture if operation is delayed or not contemplated Guidance of management of right ventricular infarction, after correction of hypotension and/or signs of low cardiac output by intravascular volume expansion, low doses of inotropic drugs and/or restoration of heart rate and atrioventricular synchrony Guidance of management of acute pulmonary edema with vasodilators and/or inotropic drugs, after initial treatment with diuretic drugs and nitroglycerin has failed Confirmation of diagnosis of pericardial tamponade subsequent to subacute myocardial rupture when clinical and echocardiographic assessments are inconclusive	Guidance of management of postinfarction angina Guidance of ongoing management of pulmonary edema responding promptly to treatment with diuretic drugs and nitroglycerin Pericardial tamponade with marked hemodynamic instability, when the diagnosis is certain or likely by clinical and/ or echocardiographic criteria and RHC would delay treatment
Perioperative Use in Cardiac Surgery
Conditions In Which RHC is Warranted	Conditions in Which Differences of Opinion Exist	Conditions in Which RHC Is Not Warranted
Differentiation between causes of low cardiac output (hypovolemia vs. ventricular dysfunction), when clinical and/or echocardiographic assessment is inconclusive Differentiation between right and left ventricular dysfunction and pericardial tamponade, when clinical and/or echocardiographic assessment is inconclusive Guidance of management of severe low cardiac output syndrome Diagnosis and guidance of management of pulmonary hypertension in patients with systemic hypotension and evidence of inadequate organ perfusion	Guidance of inotropic and/or vasopressor therapy, after patients with significant cardiac dysfunction have achieved hemodynamic stability Guidance of management of hypotension and evidence of inadequate organ perfusion when a therapeutic trial of intravascular volume expansion and/or vasoactive agents is associated with moderate risk	Routine management of uncomplicated cardiac surgical patients with good ventricular function and hemodynamic stability Initial management of postoperative hypotension when a therapeutic trial of volume expansion and/or vasoactive agents is associated with low risk
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Conditions In Which RHC is Warranted	Conditions in Which Differences of Opinion Exist	Conditions in Which RHC Is Not Warranted
Exclusion of postcapillary (elevated PAOP) causes of pulmonary hypertension Establishment of diagnosis and assessment of severity of precapillary (normal PAOP) pulmonary hypertension Selection and establishment of safety and efficacy of long-term vasodilator therapy based on acute hemodynamic response Assessment of hemodynamic variables before lung transplantation	Evaluation of long-term efficacy of vasodilator therapy, particularly prostacyclin Exclusion of significant left to right or right to left intracardiac shunt	None