This gene encodes a component of a heterotrimeric cell cycle checkpoint complex, known as the 9-1-1 complex, that is activated to stop cell cycle progression in response to DNA damage or incomplete DNA replication. The 9-1-1 complex is recruited by RAD17 to affected sites where it may attract specialized DNA polymerases and other DNA repair effectors. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms of this gene have been described.[3]
↑Bluyssen HA, van Os RI, Naus NC, Jaspers I, Hoeijmakers JH, de Klein A (January 1999). "A human and mouse homolog of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad1+ cell cycle checkpoint control gene". Genomics. 54 (2): 331–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5582. PMID9828137.
↑ 4.04.1Volkmer E, Karnitz LM (January 1999). "Human homologs of Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad1, hus1, and rad9 form a DNA damage-responsive protein complex". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (2): 567–70. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.2.567. PMID9872989.
↑Hang H, Zhang Y, Dunbrack RL, Wang C, Lieberman HB (April 2002). "Identification and characterization of a paralog of human cell cycle checkpoint gene HUS1". Genomics. 79 (4): 487–92. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6737. PMID11944979.
↑Rauen M, Burtelow MA, Dufault VM, Karnitz LM (September 2000). "The human checkpoint protein hRad17 interacts with the PCNA-like proteins hRad1, hHus1, and hRad9". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (38): 29767–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005782200. PMID10884395.
↑Bao S, Tibbetts RS, Brumbaugh KM, Fang Y, Richardson DA, Ali A, Chen SM, Abraham RT, Wang XF (June 2001). "ATR/ATM-mediated phosphorylation of human Rad17 is required for genotoxic stress responses". Nature. 411 (6840): 969–74. doi:10.1038/35082110. PMID11418864.
↑Dufault VM, Oestreich AJ, Vroman BT, Karnitz LM (Dec 2003). "Identification and characterization of RAD9B, a paralog of the RAD9 checkpoint gene". Genomics. 82 (6): 644–51. doi:10.1016/s0888-7543(03)00200-3. PMID14611806.
↑Griffith JD, Lindsey-Boltz LA, Sancar A (May 2002). "Structures of the human Rad17-replication factor C and checkpoint Rad 9-1-1 complexes visualized by glycerol spray/low voltage microscopy". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (18): 15233–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200129200. PMID11907025.
↑Hirai I, Wang HG (July 2002). "A role of the C-terminal region of human Rad9 (hRad9) in nuclear transport of the hRad9 checkpoint complex". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (28): 25722–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203079200. PMID11994305.
Bardwell AJ, Bardwell L, Johnson DK, Friedberg EC (1993). "Yeast DNA recombination and repair proteins Rad1 and Rad10 constitute a complex in vivo mediated by localized hydrophobic domains". Mol. Microbiol. 8 (6): 1177–88. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01662.x. PMID8361362.
Parker AE, Van de Weyer I, Laus MC, Oostveen I, Yon J, Verhasselt P, Luyten WH (1998). "A human homologue of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad1+ checkpoint gene encodes an exonuclease". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (29): 18332–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.29.18332. PMID9660799.
Marathi UK, Dahlen M, Sunnerhagen P, Romero AV, Ramagli LS, Siciliano MJ, Li L, Legerski RJ (1999). "RAD1, a human structural homolog of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe RAD1 cell cycle checkpoint gene". Genomics. 54 (2): 344–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5589. PMID9828139.
Volkmer E, Karnitz LM (1999). "Human homologs of Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad1, hus1, and rad9 form a DNA damage-responsive protein complex". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (2): 567–70. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.2.567. PMID9872989.
Dean FB, Lian L, O'Donnell M (1999). "cDNA cloning and gene mapping of human homologs for Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad17, rad1, and hus1 and cloning of homologs from mouse, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster". Genomics. 54 (3): 424–36. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5587. PMID9878245.
Hang H, Lieberman HB (2000). "Physical interactions among human checkpoint control proteins HUS1p, RAD1p, and RAD9p, and implications for the regulation of cell cycle progression". Genomics. 65 (1): 24–33. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6142. PMID10777662.
Cai RL, Yan-Neale Y, Cueto MA, Xu H, Cohen D (2000). "HDAC1, a histone deacetylase, forms a complex with Hus1 and Rad9, two G2/M checkpoint Rad proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (36): 27909–16. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000168200. PMID10846170.
Burtelow MA, Kaufmann SH, Karnitz LM (2000). "Retention of the human Rad9 checkpoint complex in extraction-resistant nuclear complexes after DNA damage". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (34): 26343–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M001244200. PMID10852904.
Rauen M, Burtelow MA, Dufault VM, Karnitz LM (2000). "The human checkpoint protein hRad17 interacts with the PCNA-like proteins hRad1, hHus1, and hRad9". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (38): 29767–71. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005782200. PMID10884395.
Burtelow MA, Roos-Mattjus PM, Rauen M, Babendure JR, Karnitz LM (2001). "Reconstitution and molecular analysis of the hRad9-hHus1-hRad1 (9-1-1) DNA damage responsive checkpoint complex". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (28): 25903–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M102946200. PMID11340080.
Bao S, Tibbetts RS, Brumbaugh KM, Fang Y, Richardson DA, Ali A, Chen SM, Abraham RT, Wang XF (2001). "ATR/ATM-mediated phosphorylation of human Rad17 is required for genotoxic stress responses". Nature. 411 (6840): 969–74. doi:10.1038/35082110. PMID11418864.
Xiang SL, Kumano T, Iwasaki SI, Sun X, Yoshioka K, Yamamoto KC (2001). "The J domain of Tpr2 regulates its interaction with the proapoptotic and cell-cycle checkpoint protein, Rad9". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 287 (4): 932–40. doi:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5685. PMID11573955.
Griffith JD, Lindsey-Boltz LA, Sancar A (2002). "Structures of the human Rad17-replication factor C and checkpoint Rad 9-1-1 complexes visualized by glycerol spray/low voltage microscopy". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (18): 15233–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200129200. PMID11907025.
Hang H, Zhang Y, Dunbrack RL, Wang C, Lieberman HB (2002). "Identification and characterization of a paralog of human cell cycle checkpoint gene HUS1". Genomics. 79 (4): 487–92. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6737. PMID11944979.
Hirai I, Wang HG (2002). "A role of the C-terminal region of human Rad9 (hRad9) in nuclear transport of the hRad9 checkpoint complex". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (28): 25722–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203079200. PMID11994305.