Papilledema causes

Papilledema
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]: Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[2]

Overview

Papilledema can be caused by conditions which increase intracranial pressure. An increase in the volume of any of the cranium contents, the brain, cerebrospinal fluid and / or blood can cause increased intracranial pressure.

Causes

Common Causes

• Brain tumor
• Cerebral edema
• Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
• Choroid plexus neoplasm
• Hydrocephalus
• Hypertension
• Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
• Intracranial bleeding
• Meningitis

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Hypertension, Hypertensive encephalopathy, Hypertensive retinopathy
Chemical / poisoning	Methanol, Ethylene glycol
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Ciclosporin, Cisplatin, Corticosteroid, Dexamethasone, Growth hormone treatment, Insulin-like growth factor 1, Interleukin 11, Isotretinoin, Lithium, Medroxyprogesterone, Minocycline, Oprelvekin, Prednisone, Tetracycline
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Cushing's disease, Diabetic retinopathy, Thyroid opthalmopathy
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Acute liver failure
Genetic	Camurati - Engelmann disease, Crouzon syndrome, Fabry's Disease, Tuberous sclerosis, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
Hematologic	Acute lymphocytic leukemia
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Brucellosis, Epidural abscess, Infective endocarditis, Meningitis, Meningoencephalitis, Paragonimiasis, Syphillis, Toxoplasmosis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Paget's disease
Neurologic	Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis, Arachnoid cyst, Arnold chiari malformation, Brain Abscess, Brain cyst, Brown - symmers disease, Cerebellar abscess, Cerebral abscess, Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, Dandy-Walker syndrome, Epidural hematoma, Foster kennedy syndrome, Intracranial bleeding Medulloblastoma, Myoclonic epilepsy, Parinaud's syndrome, Subarachnoid hemmorhage, Subdural empyema, Subdural hematoma, Hydrocephalus, Cerebral edema, Gullian-Barre syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic	Nutritional optic neuropathy
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Eclampsia
Oncologic	Adult low grade infiltrative suoratentorial astrocytoma, Brain Stem Gliomas, Brain tumor, Chondroma, Choroid plexus neoplasm, Malignant Astrocytomas, Neuroectodermal tumor primitive, Osteoma, Tumor lysis syndrome, Acute lymphocytic leukemia
Opthalmologic	Amaurosis fugax, Chorioretinitis, Glaucoma, Neuropapillitis, Optic disc drusen, Optic disc vasculitis, Optic neuritis, Orbital lesion, Orbital optic nerve tumors, Papillitis, Scleritis, Age related macular degeneration, Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, Central retinal vein occlusion, Optic neuropathy
Overdose / Toxicity	Arsenicals, Carbon monoxide toxity, Ethylene glycol
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Hypercapnia, Obesity hypoventilation syndrome, Respiratory acidosis
Renal / Electrolyte	Acid Base Imbalance, Hypocalcemic tetany
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Sarcoidosis, Sympathetic ophthalmia, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Head trauma
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, POEMS syndrome, Deafness- peripheral- neuropathy- arterial disease

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Acid Base Imbalance

• Acute liver failure

• Acute lymphocytic leukemia

• Adult low grade infiltrative suoratentorial astrocytoma

• Age related macular degeneration

• Amaurosis fugax

• Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

• Arachnoid cyst

• Arnold chiari malformation

• Arsenicals

• Brain Abscess

• Brain cyst

• Brain Stem Gliomas

• Brain tumor

• Brown - symmers disease

• Brucellosis

• Camurati-Engelmann disease

• Carbon monoxide toxity

• Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis

• Central retinal vein occlusion

• Cerebellar abscess

• Cerebral abscess

• Cerebral edema

• Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

• Chondroma

• Chorioretinitis

• Choroid plexus neoplasm

• Cisplatin

• Corticosteroid

• Crouzon syndrome

• Cushing's disease

• Dandy-Walker syndrome

• Deafness- peripheral- neuropathy- arterial disease

• Dexamethasone

• Diabetic retinopathy

• Eclampsia

• Epidural abscess

• Epidural hematoma

• Ethylene glycol

• Fabry's Disease

• Foster Kennedy syndrome

• Glaucoma

• Growth hormone treatment

• Gullian-Barre syndrome

• Head trauma

• Hydrocephalus

• Hypercapnia

• Hypertension

• Hypertensive encephalopathy

• Hypertensive retinopathy

• Hypocalcemic tetany

• Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

• Infective endocarditis

• Insulin-like growth factor 1

• Interleukin 11

• Intracranial bleeding

• Isotretinoin

• Lithium

• Malignant Astrocytomas

• Medroxyprogesterone

• Medulloblastoma

• Meningitis

• Meningoencephalitis

• Methanol

• Minocycline

• Myoclonic epilepsy

• Neuroectodermal tumor primitive

• Neuropapillitis

• Nutritional optic neuropathy

• Obesity hypoventilation syndrome

• Oprelvekin

• Optic disc drusen

• Optic disc vasculitis

• Optic neuritis

• Optic neuropathy

• Orbital lesion

• Orbital optic nerve tumors

• Osteoma

• Paget's disease

• Papillitis

• Paragonimiasis

• Parinaud's syndrome

• POEMS syndrome

• Prednisone

• Respiratory acidosis

• Sarcoidosis

• Scleritis

• Subarachnoid hemmorhage

• Subdural empyema

• Subdural hematoma

• Sympathetic ophthalmia

• Syphillis

• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

• Tetracycline

• Thyroid opthalmopathy

• Toxic optic neuropathy

• Toxoplasmosis

• Tuberous sclerosis

• Tumor lysis syndrome

• Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome