Musculoskeletal problems of the wrist and hand anatomy

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Anatomy

• 
  Right Human Posterior Distal Radius, Ulna, Carpals
• 
  Right Human Anterior Distal Radius, Ulna, Carpals
• 
  Carpus

• 
  Ligaments of wrist. Anterior view
• 
  Ligaments of wrist. Posterior view.

Bones

• Distal Radius

  • Styloid process adds medial stability

• Distal Ulna

  • Styloid process adds lateral stability

• Proximal Carpal Row

  • Scaphoid (navicular), lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
  • Scaphoid provides stabilizing articulation between proximal and distal carpals

• Distal Carpal Row

  • Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
  • Articulate with metacarpals

• Joint Capsules

  • Seven non-communicating compartments of the wrist
  • Negative findings in one compartment do not rule out pathology in another

Tendons

• Flexor Tendons

  • Majority traverse palmar surface via carpal tunnel
  • Lie between carpal bones dorsally and flexor retinaculum ventrally

• Extensor Tendons

  • Cross the wrist covered by fascia along the dorsal surface

• Insertions

  • Major wrist flexors/extensors insert at base of metacarpals, not onto carpal bones

Nerves

• Median Nerve

  • Runs through carpal tunnel

• Ulnar Nerve

  • Follows ulnar artery