Malignant hypertension physical examination

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Malignant hypertension Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Physical examination

Vital Signs

Eyes

  • A funduscopic examination may reveal silver wiring (Grade I retinopathy), AV nipping (Grade II) flame-shaped retinal hemorrhages, soft exudates (Grade III), or papilledema (Grade IV)

Head and Neck

  • Examination of jugular veins
  • Carotid bruits

Heart

  • Third or fourth heart sound or murmurs.

Lungs

Abdomen

  • Renal bruits
  • Assessment of liver size

Extremities

Neurologic

  • Focal neurologic signs

References


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