Incisional hernia (patient information)

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Jinhui Wu, M.D.

Overview

An incisional hernia is a protrusion of the gastrointestinal tract from the abdominal wall.

How do I know if I have incisional hernia and what are the symptoms of incisional hernia?

Abdominal wall pain
Reducible hernia: There is a bulge in the abdominal area. It may be tender and can cause discomfort during any type of physical strain, such as lifting or coughing. The bulge may disappear when the patient is lying down, and be more visible when standing up.
When a hernia cannot be pushed back into place, symptoms include pain, nausea, vomiting, inability to have a bowel movement, and a bulge that remains even when lying down.

Who is at risk for incisional hernia?

Obesity
Pregnancy
A history of multiple abdominal surgeries
Chronic and severe constipation
Severe vomiting
Chronic and intense coughing

How to know you have incisional hernia?

Physical exam: The doctor can diagnose incisional hernia by a physical examination. The doctor will look for a bulge in the abdominal area and may ask you to cough as he puts light pressure on the area. Coughing causes the hernia to bulge out further.
CT scan: A CT scan may be a useful adjunct in confirming the diagnosis as well as determining the contents and extent of the hernia.

When to seek urgent medical care?

Call your health care provider if symptoms of incisional hernia develop. If you experience either of the following symptoms, seeking urgent medical care as soon as possible: