Hemoglobin subunit zeta

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Species	Human	Mouse
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Hemoglobin subunit zeta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HBZ gene.

Zeta-globin is an alpha-like hemoglobin. The zeta-globin polypeptide is synthesized in the yolk sac of the early embryo, while alpha-globin is produced throughout fetal and adult life. The zeta-globin gene is a member of the human alpha-globin gene cluster that includes five functional genes and two pseudogenes. The order of genes is: 5' - zeta - pseudozeta - mu - pseudoalpha-1 - alpha-2 - alpha-1 - theta1 - 3'.

Further reading

• Giardina B, Messana I, Scatena R, Castagnola M (1995). "The multiple functions of hemoglobin". Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 30 (3): 165–96. doi:10.3109/10409239509085142. PMID 7555018.
• Proudfoot NJ, Brownlee GG (1976). "3' non-coding region sequences in eukaryotic messenger RNA". Nature. 263 (5574): 211–4. doi:10.1038/263211a0. PMID 822353.
• Fougerousse F, Meloni R, Roudaut C, Beckmann JS (1992). "Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the human hemoglobin alpha-1 pseudo-gene (HBAP1)". Nucleic Acids Res. 20 (5): 1165. doi:10.1093/nar/20.5.1165. PMC 312136. PMID 1549498.
• Hess J, Perez-Stable C, Wu GJ, et al. (1985). "End-to-end transcription of an Alu family repeat. A new type of polymerase-III-dependent terminator and its evolutionary implication". J. Mol. Biol. 184 (1): 7–21. doi:10.1016/0022-2836(85)90039-7. PMID 2411938.
• Marotta CA, Forget BG, Weissman SM, et al. (1974). "Nucleotide Sequences of Human Globin Messenger RNA". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71 (6): 2300–4. doi:10.1073/pnas.71.6.2300. PMC 388440. PMID 4135409.
• Perez-Stable C, Ayres TM, Shen CK (1984). "Distinctive sequence organization and functional programming of an Alu repeat promoter". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81 (17): 5291–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.81.17.5291. PMC 391689. PMID 6089189.
• Clegg JB, Gagnon J (1982). "Structure of the zeta chain of human embryonic hemoglobin". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78 (10): 6076–80. doi:10.1073/pnas.78.10.6076. PMC 348980. PMID 6171809.
• Aschauer H, Schäfer W, Sanguansermsri T, Braunitzer G (1982). "[Human embryonic haemoglobins. Ac-Ser-Leu-Thr-is the N-terminal sequence of the zeta-chains (author's transl)]". Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 362 (12): 1657–9. PMID 6172357.
• Aschauer H, Sanguansermsri T, Braunitzer G (1982). "[Human embryonic haemoglobins. The primary structure of the zeta chains (author's transl)]". Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 362 (8): 1159–62. PMID 6179844.
• Proudfoot NJ, Gil A, Maniatis T (1983). "The structure of the human zeta-globin gene and a closely linked, nearly identical pseudogene". Cell. 31 (3 Pt 2): 553–63. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(82)90311-7. PMID 6297773.
• Goodbourn SE, Higgs DR, Clegg JB, Weatherall DJ (1983). "Molecular basis of length polymorphism in the human zeta-globin gene complex". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80 (16): 5022–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.80.16.5022. PMC 384180. PMID 6308667.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
• Cohen-Solal MM, Authier B, deRiel JK, et al. (1983). "Cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of human embryonic zeta-globin cDNA". DNA. 1 (4): 355–63. doi:10.1089/dna.1982.1.355. PMID 6963223.
• Orkin SH, Michelson A (1980). "Partial deletion of the alpha-globin structural gene in human alpha-thalassaemia". Nature. 286 (5772): 538–40. doi:10.1038/286538a0. PMID 7402334.
• Flint J, Thomas K, Micklem G, et al. (1997). "The relationship between chromosome structure and function at a human telomeric region". Nat. Genet. 15 (3): 252–7. doi:10.1038/ng0397-252. PMID 9054936.
• Luo HY, Liang XL, Frye C, et al. (1999). "Embryonic hemoglobins are expressed in definitive cells". Blood. 94 (1): 359–61. PMID 10381533.
• Daniels RJ, Peden JF, Lloyd C, et al. (2001). "Sequence, structure and pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16". Hum. Mol. Genet. 10 (4): 339–52. doi:10.1093/hmg/10.4.339. PMID 11157797.
• Lau ET, Kwok YK, Chui DH, et al. (2001). "Embryonic and fetal globins are expressed in adult erythroid progenitor cells and in erythroid cell cultures". Prenat. Diagn. 21 (7): 529–39. doi:10.1002/pd.81. PMID 11494285.