Giardiasis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, M.D.; Serge Korjian M.D.
Overview
Giardiasis is a worldwide infection. It is the most common cause of parasitic diarrhea with a prevalence that may be as high as 20% to 40% in settings of poor sanitation. In the USA, the incidence of giardiasis is thought to be decreasing from 20 to 25 cases per 100,000 individuals between 1990 and 1998 to approximately 4 to 5 cases per 100,000 individuals in 2012. Children, particularly < 5 years of age, are more frequently affected with giardiasis than adults. There is no gender or racial predilection for the development of giardiasis.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence and Prevalence
- Giardiasis is a worldwide infection. It is the most common cause of parasitic diarrhea.[1]
- In the USA, the incidence of giardiasis is thought to be decreaesing. In 2012, the incidence of giardiasis was approximately 4 to 5 cases per 100,000 individuals in the USA, compared with 20 to 25 cases per 100,000 individuals between 1990 and 1998.[2][3]
- The prevalence of giardiasis is highly variable. In settings with poor sanitation, the prevalence of giardiasis may be as high as 40%.[1]
Age
- Children, particularly < 5 years of age, are more frequently affected with giardiasis than adults.
Gender
- There is no gender predilection for the development of giardiasis.
Race
- There is no racial predilection for the development of giardiasis.
Developed Countries
- In developed countries, the incidence of giardiasis is decreasing.
- The decrease is attributed to improved sanitation and available resources.
Developing Countries
- The majority of cases of giardiasis occur in developing countries, where the prevalence may be as high as 20% to 40% in settings of poor sanitation.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Feng Y, Xiao L (2011). "Zoonotic potential and molecular epidemiology of Giardia species and giardiasis". Clin Microbiol Rev. 24 (1): 110–40. doi:10.1128/CMR.00033-10. PMC 3021202. PMID 21233509.
- ↑ Greig JD, Michel P, Wilson JB, Lammerding AM, Majowicz SE, Stratton J; et al. (2001). "A descriptive analysis of giardiasis cases reported in Ontario, 1990-1998". Can J Public Health. 92 (5): 361–5. PMID 11702490.
- ↑ "Giardiasis Surveillance — United States, 2011–2012". www.cdc.gov. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2012. Retrieved March 2, 2016.