Ewing's sarcoma epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Suveenkrishna Pothuru, M.B,B.S. [2];Assistant Editor(s)-In-Chief: Michael Maddaleni, B.S.

Overview

Ewing's sarcoma is the second most common malignant bone tumor in patients younger than 20 years. Ewing's sarcoma typically occurs in children and adolescents between 10 and 20 years of age. The overall incidence of Ewing's sarcoma is 0.1 cases for 100,000 individuals. The incidence of Ewing's sarcoma in children aged 10 to 19 years is 1 case per 100,000 individuals. Males are more commonly affected with Ewing's sarcoma than females.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Ewing's sarcoma is the second most common malignant bone tumor in patients younger than 20 years. The most frequent is osteosarcoma.

Incidence

• The incidence of Ewing's sarcoma has remained unchanged for 30 years.
• The overall incidence of Ewing's sarcoma is 0.1 cases per 100,000 individuals.
• The incidence of Ewing's sarcoma in children aged 10 to 19 years is 1 case for 100,000 individuals.

Race

• Incidence of Ewing's sarcoma in the United States is nine times greater in whites than in African Americans, with an intermediate incidence in Asians.
• The relative paucity of Ewing's sarcoma in people of African or Asian descent may be explained, in part, by a specific polymorphism.
• The polymorphism associated with the increased risk is found at a much higher frequency in whites than in blacks or Asians, possibly explaining the epidemiology of the relative infrequency of Ewing's sarcoma in the latter populations.
• Ewing's sarcoma usually affects individuals of the Caucasian race. African American individuals are less likely to develop chordoma.

Age

• Ewing's sarcoma typically occurs in children and adolescents between 10 and 20 years of age (95% between 4 and 25 years of age).
• The median age at diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma is 15 years.
• Well-characterized cases of Ewing's sarcoma in neonates and infants have been described.
• Review of the SEER database from 1973 to 2011 identified 1,957 patients with Ewing sarcoma. Thirty-nine of these patients (2.0%) were younger than 12 months at diagnosis.

Gender

• Males are more commonly affected with Ewing's sarcoma than females.