Esophageal candidiasis epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Younes M.B.B.CH [2]

Overview

Candidiasis is the most common cause of infectious esophagitis followed by HSV esophagitis.

Epidemiology and demographics

Age

Candida esophagitis is more common in patients older than 55 years old.[3][2]

Prevalence among HIV patients

  • In a study conducted in 2015, the prevalence of esophageal candidiasis was 11.2% in HIV infected individuals and 2.9% in HIV infected individuals.[4]
  • Esophageal candidiasis has been reported in 10-15% of immunocompromised patients during their lifetime.[5]
  • Autopsies revealed isolation of candida in 43% of immunocompromised individuals.[6]

References

  1. Chen LI, Chang JM, Kuo MC, Hwang SJ, Chen HC (2007). "Combined herpes viral and candidal esophagitis in a CAPD patient: case report and review of literature". Am. J. Med. Sci. 333 (3): 191–3. doi:10.1097/MAJ.0b013e318031b1f2. PMID 17496741.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Choi JH, Lee CG, Lim YJ, Kang HW, Lim CY, Choi JS (2013). "Prevalence and risk factors of esophageal candidiasis in healthy individuals: a single center experience in Korea". Yonsei Med. J. 54 (1): 160–5. doi:10.3349/ymj.2013.54.1.160. PMC 3521253. PMID 23225813.
  3. Kliemann DA, Pasqualotto AC, Falavigna M, Giaretta T, Severo LC (2008). "Candida esophagitis: species distribution and risk factors for infection". Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Sao Paulo. 50 (5): 261–3. PMID 18949340.
  4. Takahashi Y, Nagata N, Shimbo T, Nishijima T, Watanabe K, Aoki T, Sekine K, Okubo H, Watanabe K, Sakurai T, Yokoi C, Mimori A, Oka S, Uemura N, Akiyama J (2015). "Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms Predictive of Candida Esophagitis and Erosive Esophagitis in HIV and Non-HIV Patients: An Endoscopy-Based Cross-Sectional Study of 6011 Patients". Medicine (Baltimore). 94 (47): e2138. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000002138. PMC 5059007. PMID 26632738.
  5. Underwood JA, Williams JW, Keate RF (2003). "Clinical findings and risk factors for Candida esophagitis in outpatients". Dis. Esophagus. 16 (2): 66–9. PMID 12823199.
  6. Weerasuriya N, Snape J (2006). "A study of candida esophagitis in elderly patients attending a district general hospital in the UK". Dis. Esophagus. 19 (3): 189–92. doi:10.1111/j.1442-2050.2006.00563.x. PMID 16722997.