Epithelial ovarian tumors history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hannan Javed, M.D.[2]

Overview

The clinical manifestations of patients with epithelial ovarian tumors depend on the type of the tumor and its potential to produce hormonal materials. Usually, they present with abdominal pain or distention, menstrual irregularities, symptoms of virilization, rapidly growing abdominal/pelvic mass, acute abdominal pain from complications such as necrosis, capsular distention, rupture or torsion and or simply they can be asymptomatic.

The clinical manifestations of patients with epithelial ovarian tumors depend on the type of the tumor and its potential to produce hormonal materials. Usually, they present with abdominal pain or distention, menstrual irregularities, symptoms of virilization, rapidly growing abdominal/pelvic mass, acute abdominal pain from complications such as necrosis, capsular distention, rupture or torsion and or simply they can be asymptomatic.^[1]

Approximately 20 % of patients are asymptomatic.^[2]
The most common symptom in those who are symptomatic is lower abdominal pain.
- Acute abdominal pain may indicate the tumor is complicated by ovarian torsion or rupture that may happen in 5%-10% and 1%-3% of affected individuals, respectively.
  - Torsion usually tends to complicate at a greater extent the intermediate-sized tumors rather than the larger or smaller ones.
Very rarely, epithelial ovarian tumors can manifest with neurologic symptoms due to associated Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Symptoms such as:^[3]
- Memory problems
- Psychiatric problems
- Decreased level of consciousness
- Seizure
- Dyskinesia

↑ Low, Jeffrey J.H.; Ilancheran, Arunachalam; Ng, Joseph S. (2012). "Malignant ovarian germ-cell tumours". Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 26 (3): 347–355. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.01.002. ISSN 1521-6934.
↑ Ayhan, Ali; Bukulmez, Orhan; Genc, Cuneyt; Karamursel, Burcu S.; Ayhan, Ayse (2000). "Mature cystic teratomas of the ovary: case series from one institution over 34 years". European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 88 (2): 153–157. doi:10.1016/S0301-2115(99)00141-4. ISSN 0301-2115.
↑ Dalmau, Josep; Gleichman, Amy J; Hughes, Ethan G; Rossi, Jeffrey E; Peng, Xiaoyu; Lai, Meizan; Dessain, Scott K; Rosenfeld, Myrna R; Balice-Gordon, Rita; Lynch, David R (2008). "Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies". The Lancet Neurology. 7 (12): 1091–1098. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70224-2. ISSN 1474-4422.