Delusional misidentification syndrome

Jump to navigation Jump to search

WikiDoc Resources for Delusional misidentification syndrome

Articles

Most recent articles on Delusional misidentification syndrome

Most cited articles on Delusional misidentification syndrome

Review articles on Delusional misidentification syndrome

Articles on Delusional misidentification syndrome in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Delusional misidentification syndrome

Images of Delusional misidentification syndrome

Photos of Delusional misidentification syndrome

Podcasts & MP3s on Delusional misidentification syndrome

Videos on Delusional misidentification syndrome

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Delusional misidentification syndrome

Bandolier on Delusional misidentification syndrome

TRIP on Delusional misidentification syndrome

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Delusional misidentification syndrome at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Delusional misidentification syndrome

Clinical Trials on Delusional misidentification syndrome at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Delusional misidentification syndrome

NICE Guidance on Delusional misidentification syndrome

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Delusional misidentification syndrome

CDC on Delusional misidentification syndrome

Books

Books on Delusional misidentification syndrome

News

Delusional misidentification syndrome in the news

Be alerted to news on Delusional misidentification syndrome

News trends on Delusional misidentification syndrome

Commentary

Blogs on Delusional misidentification syndrome

Definitions

Definitions of Delusional misidentification syndrome

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Delusional misidentification syndrome

Discussion groups on Delusional misidentification syndrome

Patient Handouts on Delusional misidentification syndrome

Directions to Hospitals Treating Delusional misidentification syndrome

Risk calculators and risk factors for Delusional misidentification syndrome

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Delusional misidentification syndrome

Causes & Risk Factors for Delusional misidentification syndrome

Diagnostic studies for Delusional misidentification syndrome

Treatment of Delusional misidentification syndrome

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Delusional misidentification syndrome

International

Delusional misidentification syndrome en Espanol

Delusional misidentification syndrome en Francais

Business

Delusional misidentification syndrome in the Marketplace

Patents on Delusional misidentification syndrome

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Delusional misidentification syndrome

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor-in-chief: Soumya Sachdeva

Overview

Delusional misidentification syndrome is an umbrella term for a group of delusional disorders that occur in the context of mental or neurological illness. They all involve a belief that the identity of a person, object or place has somehow changed or has been altered. As these delusions typically only concern one particular topic they are also fall under the category called monothematic delusions.

This syndrome is usually considered to include four main variants1:

  • The Capgras delusion is the belief that (usually) a close relative or spouse has been replaced by an identical-looking impostor.
  • The Fregoli delusion is the belief that various people that the believer meets are actually the same person in disguise.
  • Intermetamorphosis is the belief that people in the environment swap identities with each other whilst maintaining the same appearance.
  • Subjective doubles, in which a person believes there is a doppelgänger or double of him or herself carrying out independent actions.

However, similar delusional beliefs, often singularly or more rarely reported, are sometimes also considered to be part of the delusional misidentification syndrome. For example:

  • Mirrored self-misidentification is the belief that one's reflection in a mirror is some other person.
  • Reduplicative paramnesia is the belief that a familiar person, place, object or body part has been duplicated. For example, a person may believe that they are in fact not in the hospital to which they were admitted, but an identical-looking hospital in a different part of the country, despite this being obviously false2.
  • Syndrome of delusional companions is the belief that objects (such as soft toys) are sentient beings3.
  • Clonal pluralization of the self, where a person believes there are multiple copies of him or herself, identical both physically and psychologically4.

There is considerable evidence that disorders such as the Capgras or Fregoli syndromes are associated with disorders of face perception and recognition. However, it has been suggested that all misidentification problems may exist on a continuum of anomalies of familiarity5, from déjà vu at one end to the formation of delusional beliefs at the other.


Features of delusional misidentification syndrome

  • Lack of awareness or minimization of illness, functional loss, or personal problem-Many cases of delusional misidentification or reduplication manifest with denial or anosognosia. For patients who have Fregoli-type DMS, the delusions themselves often allow patients to view their situation as being DELUSIONAL MISIDENTIFICATION better than it actually is. Thus, patients preferentially locate themselves in pleasant, familiar surroundings such as at home or at work, when actually they are confined in hospital or rehabilitation setting. If they acknowledge being in a hospital, they tend to believe that the hospital is close to home.
  • Alterations in entities of personal significance-Misidentifications and reduplications, almost universally, involve delusions concerning entities of great personal significance such as one’s body, family, current location, and job situation.
  • Selectivity and consistency-Patients persistently misidentify the same particular aspects of the self and environment. This persistence makes it unlikely that most cases of DMS can be attributed to general impairment in memory or perception.
  • Resistance to correction-Misidentifications are fixed, false beliefs and, therefore, represent true delusions. Even when patients are confronted repeatedly with the illogical nature of the delusion, they maintain their position. Indeed, patients may demonstrate implicit or explicit awareness of their true situation This feature distinguishes DMS from other forms of confabulation (eg, amnestic confabulation) and from unawareness in general.
  • Right hemisphere dysfunction-Right frontal dysfunction predominates in focal and diffuse cases of DMS regardless of the type of delusional misidentification or reduplication.


Treatment

the treatment of the specific form of delusion has not been studied systematically. For patients manifesting any psychotic disorder in the context of a neurologic illness, atypical antipsychotics are generally recommended because of the decreased risk of adverse neurologic effects. With patients who have progressive dementia, such as dementia with Lewy bodies, in which DMS is common, cholinesterase inhibitors have demonstrated some ability to reduce psychiatric symptoms.


References

  1. Ellis, H.D.; Luauté, J.P.; & Retterstol, N. (1994). Delusional misidentification syndromes. Psychopathology 27 117–120.
  2. Benson, D.F.; Gardner, H.; & Meadows, J.C. (1976). Reduplicative paramnesia. Neurology 26 (2) 147–151.
  3. Shanks, M.F. & Venneri, A. (2002). The emergence of delusional companions in Alzheimer's disease: An unusual misidentification syndrome. Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 7 (4) 317–328.
  4. Voros, V.; Tenyi, T.; Simon, M.; & Trixler, M. (2003). 'Clonal pluralization of the self': a new form of delusional misidentification syndrome. Psychopathology 36 (1) 46–48.
  5. Sno, H.N. (1994). A continuum of misidentification symptoms. Psychopathology 27 (3–5) 144–147.

See also

nl:Identificatiesyndroom Template:WH Template:WS