Chlamydia infection natural history, complications and prognosis
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2]
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Overview
If left untreated, chlamydia can cause pelvic inflammatory disease in women and epididymitis and orchitis in males.[1][2] Common complications of chlamydia among women include cervicitis, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. Complications of chlamydia in men include proctitis, epididymitis, and sterility. Other complications of chlamydia include an increased risk of acquiring HIV and reactive arthritis.[3] The prognosis of chlamydia is generally good with adequate treatment.
Natural History
If left untreated, chlamydia can cause pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in women and epididymitis and orchitis in males, which may, in rare cases, lead to sterility.[1][2]
Complications
The complications of chlamydia infection may be divided into genitourinary infections, pulmonary infections, ocular infections, and complications associated with pregnancy.[2]
Complications of chlamydia infection in women include:[1][3][4]
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Infertility
- Chronic pelvic pain
- Reactive arthritis
- Increased risk for acquiring HIV
Complications of chlamydia in pregnant patients include:[2][5]
- Pre-term labor
- Premature rupture of membranes
- Intrauterine growth retardation
- Transmission of infection to newborn, neonatal conjunctivitis, and pneumonia in the newborn
- Postpartum endometritis
Complications of chlamydia infection in men may include:[2][3]
- Epididymitis
- Orchitis
- Sterility
- Proctitis
- Reactive arthritis
- Increased risk for acquiring or transmitting HIV
Prognosis
The prognosis of chlamydia is generally good with adequate treatment.
Reference
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Chlamydia trachomatis. Wikipedia.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydia_trachomatis. Accessed on December 22, 2015
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Mishori R, McClaskey EL, WinklerPrins VJ (2012). "Chlamydia trachomatis infections: screening, diagnosis, and management". Am Fam Physician. 86 (12): 1127–32. PMID 23316985.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Chlamydia - CDC Fact Sheet (Detailed). CDC.http://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/stdfact-chlamydia-detailed.htm. Accessed on January 6th, 2016
- ↑ Hocking JS, Vodstrcil LA, Huston WM, Timms P, Chen MY, Worthington K; et al. (2013). "A cohort study of Chlamydia trachomatis treatment failure in women: a study protocol". BMC Infect Dis. 13: 379. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-379. PMC 3751832. PMID 23957327.
- ↑ Allaire A, Nathan L, Martens MG (1995). "Chlamydia trachomatis: management in pregnancy". Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 3 (2): 82–8. doi:10.1155/S1064744995000378. PMC 2364418. PMID 18476026.