Cat scratch fever (patient information)
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Cat scratch fever |
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Cat scratch fever On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Cat scratch disease is a disease caused by bartonella bacteria. It is believed to be transmitted by cat scratches and bites, or exposure to cat saliva.
What are the symptoms of Cat scratch fever?
A person who has had contact with a cat may show common symptoms, including:
- Bump (papule) or blister (pustule) at site of injury (usually the first sign)
- Fatigue
- Fever (in some patients)
- Headache
- Lymph node swelling near the scratch or bite
- Overall discomfort (malaise)
Less common symptoms may include:
- Draining lymph nodes'
- Enlarged spleen
- Loss of appetite
- Sore throat
- Weight loss
What causes Cat scratch fever?
Cat scratch disease is caused by Bartonella henselae. The disease is spread through contact with an infected cat (a bite or scratch), or contact with cat saliva on broken skin or the white of the eye. About 2 - 3 weeks after becoming infected, lymph node swelling (lymphadenopathy) occurs near the site of the scratch or bite. Occasionally, an infected lymph node may form a tunnel (fistula) through the skin and drain (leak fluid). Cat scratch disease is a common cause of chronic swollen lymph nodes in children.
Who is at highest risk?
People having cats as pet at are higher risk of getting the disease.
When to seek urgent medical care?
Call your health care provider if you have enlarged lymph nodes and a history of exposure to a cat.
Diagnosis
If you have swollen lymph nodes and a scratch or bite from (or have been in contact with) a cat, the health care provider may suspect cat scratch disease. A physical examination may reveal an enlarged spleen (splenomegaly). The disease often goes unrecognized because of the difficulty in testing. However, the Bartonella henselae IFA test is highly accurate for identifying infection caused by this bacteria. Other tests used in the diagnosis of cat scratch disease: Lymph node biopsy to rule out other causes of swollen glands
Treatment options
Generally, cat scratch disease is not serious. Medical treatment is not usually needed. In severe cases, treatment with antibiotics such as azithromycin can be helpful. In AIDS patients and other people who have a suppressed immune system, cat scratch disease is more serious, and treatment with antibiotics is recommended.
Where to find medical care for Cat scratch fever?
Directions to Hospitals Treating Cat scratch fever
What to expect (Outlook/Prognosis)?
In children with normal immune systems, full recovery without treatment is the norm. In immunocompromised people, treatment with antibiotics generally leads to recovery.
Possible complications
- Encephalopathy
- Neuroretinitis
- Osteomyelitis
- Parinaud's syndrome (granulomatous conjunctivitis with adenopathy)
Prevention
Avoiding contact with cats prevents the disease. Where this is not reasonable, good hand-washing after playing with a cat, avoiding scratches and bites, and avoiding cat saliva will lessen the risk of infection.
Sources
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001614.htm Template:WH Template:WS