Bioactive glass

Overview

WikiDoc Resources for Bioactive glass
Articles
Most recent articles on Bioactive glass Most cited articles on Bioactive glass Review articles on Bioactive glass Articles on Bioactive glass in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Bioactive glass Images of Bioactive glass Photos of Bioactive glass Podcasts & MP3s on Bioactive glass Videos on Bioactive glass
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Bioactive glass Bandolier on Bioactive glass TRIP on Bioactive glass
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Bioactive glass at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Bioactive glass Clinical Trials on Bioactive glass at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Bioactive glass NICE Guidance on Bioactive glass NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Bioactive glass CDC on Bioactive glass
Books
Books on Bioactive glass
News
Bioactive glass in the news Be alerted to news on Bioactive glass News trends on Bioactive glass
Commentary
Blogs on Bioactive glass
Definitions
Definitions of Bioactive glass
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Bioactive glass Discussion groups on Bioactive glass Patient Handouts on Bioactive glass Directions to Hospitals Treating Bioactive glass Risk calculators and risk factors for Bioactive glass
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Bioactive glass Causes & Risk Factors for Bioactive glass Diagnostic studies for Bioactive glass Treatment of Bioactive glass
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Bioactive glass
International
Bioactive glass en Espanol Bioactive glass en Francais
Business
Bioactive glass in the Marketplace Patents on Bioactive glass
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Bioactive glass

Bioactive glasses are a group of surface reactive glass-ceramics and include the original bioactive glass, Bioglass®. The biocompatibility of these glasses has led them to be investigated extensively for use as implant materials in the human body to repair and replace diseased or damaged bone.

History

Larry Hench and colleagues at the University of Florida first developed these materials in the late 1960s and have been further developed by his research team at the Imperial College London and other researchers worldwide.

Compositions

There have been many variations on the original composition which was Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved and termed bioglass®. This composition is known as 45S5. Other compositions are in the list below.

• 45S5: 46.1 mol% SiO₂, 26.9 mol% CaO, 24.4 mol% Na₂O and 2.5 mol% P₂O₅. Bioglass
• 58S: 60 mol% SiO₂, 36 mol% CaO and 4 mol% P₂O₅.
• S70C30: 70 mol% SiO₂, 30 mol% CaO.

Structure

Solid state NMR spectroscopy has been very useful in elucidating the structure of amorphous solids. Bioactive glasses have been studied by ²⁹Si and ³¹P solid state MAS NMR spectroscopy. The chemical shift from MAS NMR is indicative of the type of chemical species present in the glass. The ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectrscopy showed that Bioglass 45S5 was a Q2 type-structure with a small amount of Q3; i.e., silicate chains with a few crosslinks. The ³¹P MAS NMR indicated a Q0 species; i.e., PO₄^4- with predominately sodium cations. (Lockyer et al. 1995)

Medical Applications

Bioactive glasses have many applications but these are primarily in the areas of bone repair and bone regeneration via tissue engineering.

• Synthetic bone graft materials for general orthopaedic, craniofacial (bones of the skull and face), maxillofacial and periodontal (the bone structure that supports teeth) repair. These are available to surgeons in a particulate form.
• Cochlear implants.
• Bone tissue engineering scaffolds. These are being investigated in many forms, in particular as porous (contains pores into which cells can grow and fluids can travel) 3-dimensional scaffolds.

References Lockyer, M. W. G., Holland, D. & Dupree, R., NMR investigation of the structure of some bioactive and related glasses. J. Non-Crys. Sol., 1995, 188, 207-219.

External links

Vivoxid Ltd in Finland manufactures, markets and sells bioactive glass. Visit: www.vivoxid.com