Benfotiamine

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Benfotiamine
Clinical data
Trade names	Milgamma
Synonyms	S-Benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Routes of; administration	Oral
ATC code	A11DA03 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	OTC;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name S-[2-{[(4-Amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl] (formyl)amino}-5-(phosphonooxy)pent-2-en-3-yl] benzenecarbothioate;
CAS Number	22457-89-2 ;
PubChem CID	3032771;
ChemSpider	2297665 ;
UNII	Y92OUS2H9B;
ChEBI	CHEBI:41039 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1491875 ;
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C19H23N4O6PS
Molar mass	466.448 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES O=P(O)(O)OCCC(/SC(=O)c1ccccc1)=C(/N(C=O)Cc2cnc(nc2N)C)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C19H23N4O6PS/c1-13(23(12-24)11-16-10-21-14(2)22-18(16)20)17(8-9-29-30(26,27)28)31-19(25)15-6-4-3-5-7-15/h3-7,10,12H,8-9,11H2,1-2H3,(H2,20,21,22)(H2,26,27,28)/b17-13- ; Key:BTNNPSLJPBRMLZ-LGMDPLHJSA-N ;
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Benfotiamine (rINN, or S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate) is a synthetic S-acyl derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1).

It has been licensed for use in Germany since 1993 under the trade name Milgamma. (Combinations with pyridoxine or cyanocobalamin are also sold under this name.) It is prescribed there for treating sciatica and other painful nerve conditions.^[1]

It is marketed as a medicine and/or dietary supplement, depending on the respective Regulatory Authority.^{[citation needed]}

Uses

Benfotiamine is primarily marketed as an antioxidant dietary supplement. In a clinical study with six patients, benfotiamine lowered AGE by 40%.^[2]

Benfotiamine may be useful for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy however "Most of the effects attributed to benfotiamine are extrapolated from in vitro and animal studies. Unfortunately apparent evidences from human studies are scarce and especially endpoint studies are missing. Therefore additional clinical studies are mandatory to explore the therapeutic potential of benfotiamine in both diabetic and non-diabetic pathological conditions".^[3] It is thought that treatment with benfotiamine leads to increased intracellular thiamine diphosphate levels,^[3] a cofactor of transketolase. This enzyme directs advanced glycation and lipoxidation end products (AGE's, ALE's) substrates to the pentose phosphate pathway, thus reducing tissue AGEs.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Pharmacology

After absorption, benfotiamine can be dephosphorylated by cells bearing an ecto-alkaline phosphatase to the lipid-soluble S-benzoylthiamine.^[9] Benfotiamine should not be confused with allithiamine, a naturally occurring thiamine disulfide derivative with a distinct pharmacological profile.^[10]

References

↑ "BBC news story: Back pain drug 'may aid diabetics'". BBC News. 18 February 2003.
↑ J Lin, A Alt, J Liersch, RG Bretzel, M Brownlee (May 2000). "Benfotiamine Inhibits Intracellular Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products in vivo". Diabetes. 49 (Suppl1) (A143): 583.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Balakumar P, Rohilla A, Krishan P, Solairaj P, Thangathirupathi A (2010). "The multifaceted therapeutic potential of benfotiamine". Pharmacol Res. 61 (6): 482–8. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2010.02.008. PMID 20188835.
↑ Since AGEs are the actual agents productive of diabetic complications, in theory, if diabetic patients could block the action of AGEs completely by benfotiamine, strict blood sugar control, with its disruption of lifestyle and risks to health and life by severe hypoglycemic episodes, could be avoided, with revolutionary implications for the treatment of diabetes. Hammes HP, Du X, Edelstein D, Taguchi T, Matsumura T, Ju Q, Lin J, Bierhaus A, Nawroth P, Hannak D, Neumaier M, Bergfeld R, Giardino I, Brownlee M (2003) Benfotiamine blocks three major pathways of hyperglycemic damage and prevents experimental diabetic retinopathy. Nat Med 9(3):294-299
↑ Stirban A, Negrean M, Stratmann B; et al. (2007). "Adiponectin decreases postprandially following a heat-processed meal in individuals with type 2 diabetes: an effect prevented by benfotiamine and cooking method". Diabetes Care. 30 (10): 2514–6. doi:10.2337/dc07-0302. PMID 17630265.
↑ Stracke H, Hammes HP, Werkmann D; et al. (2001). "Efficacy of benfotiamine versus thiamine on function and glycation products of peripheral nerves in diabetic rats". Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes. 109 (6): 330–6. doi:10.1055/s-2001-17399. PMID 11571671.
↑ Stirban A, Negrean M, Stratmann B; et al. (2006). "Benfotiamine prevents macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress following a meal rich in advanced glycation end products in individuals with type 2 diabetes". Diabetes Care. 29 (9): 2064–71. doi:10.2337/dc06-0531. PMID 16936154.
↑ Babaei-Jadidi R, Karachalias N, Ahmed N, Battah S, Thornalley PJ (2003). "Prevention of incipient diabetic nephropathy by high-dose thiamine and benfotiamine". Diabetes. 52 (8): 2110–20. doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.8.2110. PMID 12882930.
↑ Yamazaki M (1968), Studies on the absorption of S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate : (I) Metabolism in tissue homogenates. Vitamins 38 (1) 12–20.
↑ M.L. Volvert, S. Seyen, M. Piette, B. Evrard, M. Gangolf, J.C. Plumier and L. Bettendorff (2008) Benfotiamine, a synthetic S-acyl thiamine derivative, has different mechanisms of action and a different pharmacological profile than lipid-soluble thiamine disulfide derivatives. BMC Pharmacology 8: 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2210-8-10

External links

BBC news story (2003): Back pain drug 'may aid diabetics'

Template:Vitamins Template:Neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia pharmacotherapies

[BBC2003-1] "BBC news story: Back pain drug 'may aid diabetics'". BBC News. 18 February 2003.

[Lin-2] J Lin, A Alt, J Liersch, RG Bretzel, M Brownlee (May 2000). "Benfotiamine Inhibits Intracellular Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products in vivo". Diabetes. 49 (Suppl1) (A143): 583.

[pmid20188835-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Balakumar P, Rohilla A, Krishan P, Solairaj P, Thangathirupathi A (2010). "The multifaceted therapeutic potential of benfotiamine". Pharmacol Res. 61 (6): 482–8. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2010.02.008. PMID 20188835.

[4] Since AGEs are the actual agents productive of diabetic complications, in theory, if diabetic patients could block the action of AGEs completely by benfotiamine, strict blood sugar control, with its disruption of lifestyle and risks to health and life by severe hypoglycemic episodes, could be avoided, with revolutionary implications for the treatment of diabetes. Hammes HP, Du X, Edelstein D, Taguchi T, Matsumura T, Ju Q, Lin J, Bierhaus A, Nawroth P, Hannak D, Neumaier M, Bergfeld R, Giardino I, Brownlee M (2003) Benfotiamine blocks three major pathways of hyperglycemic damage and prevents experimental diabetic retinopathy. Nat Med 9(3):294-299

[pmid17630265-5] Stirban A, Negrean M, Stratmann B; et al. (2007). "Adiponectin decreases postprandially following a heat-processed meal in individuals with type 2 diabetes: an effect prevented by benfotiamine and cooking method". Diabetes Care. 30 (10): 2514–6. doi:10.2337/dc07-0302. PMID 17630265.

[pmid11571671-6] Stracke H, Hammes HP, Werkmann D; et al. (2001). "Efficacy of benfotiamine versus thiamine on function and glycation products of peripheral nerves in diabetic rats". Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes. 109 (6): 330–6. doi:10.1055/s-2001-17399. PMID 11571671.

[pmid16936154-7] Stirban A, Negrean M, Stratmann B; et al. (2006). "Benfotiamine prevents macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress following a meal rich in advanced glycation end products in individuals with type 2 diabetes". Diabetes Care. 29 (9): 2064–71. doi:10.2337/dc06-0531. PMID 16936154.

[pmid12882930-8] Babaei-Jadidi R, Karachalias N, Ahmed N, Battah S, Thornalley PJ (2003). "Prevention of incipient diabetic nephropathy by high-dose thiamine and benfotiamine". Diabetes. 52 (8): 2110–20. doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.8.2110. PMID 12882930.

[9] Yamazaki M (1968), Studies on the absorption of S-benzoylthiamine O-monophosphate : (I) Metabolism in tissue homogenates. Vitamins 38 (1) 12–20.

[10] M.L. Volvert, S. Seyen, M. Piette, B. Evrard, M. Gangolf, J.C. Plumier and L. Bettendorff (2008) Benfotiamine, a synthetic S-acyl thiamine derivative, has different mechanisms of action and a different pharmacological profile than lipid-soluble thiamine disulfide derivatives. BMC Pharmacology 8: 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2210-8-10

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