Zygomycosis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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Zygomycosis frequently involves the [[Paranasal sinus|sinuses]], [[brain]], or [[lungs]] as the sites of infection. Whilst orbitorhinocerebral Zygomycosis is the most common type of the disease, this infection can also manifest in the [[gastrointestinal tract]], [[skin]], and in other organ systems. | Zygomycosis frequently involves the [[Paranasal sinus|sinuses]], [[brain]], or [[lungs]] as the sites of infection. Whilst orbitorhinocerebral Zygomycosis is the most common type of the disease, this infection can also manifest in the [[gastrointestinal tract]], [[skin]], and in other organ systems. | ||
==Common Symptoms== | ==Common Symptoms== | ||
The clinical | The clinical hallmark of Zygomycosis is [[vascular]] invasion resulting in [[thrombosis]] and tissue [[infarction]]/[[necrosis]]. | ||
If rhinocerebral disease is the cause of the infection, symptoms may include [[unilateral]], retro-[[orbit]]al [[headache]], facial pain, [[fevers]], nasal stuffiness that progresses to black [[discharge]], acute [[sinusitis]], and eye swelling along with protrusion of eye orbit. In addition, affected skin may appear relatively normal during the earliest stages of infection. This skin quickly progresses to an [[erythemic]] (reddening, occasionally with [[edema]]) stage, before eventually turning black due to [[necrosis]].<ref name=cmrasm>{{cite journal |author=Spellberg B, Edwards J, Ibrahim A |title=Novel perspectives on Zygomycosis: pathophysiology, presentation, and management |journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=556–69 |year=2005 |pmid=16020690 |doi=10.1128/CMR.18.3.556-569.2005| url=http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/content/full/18/3/556}} {{PMC|1195964}}</ref> However, in other forms of Zygomycosis (such as [[pulmonary]], [[cutaneous]] or disseminated Zygomycosis), symptoms may also include [[dyspnea]], persistent [[cough]], [[hemoptysis]] (in cases of necrosis and [[nausea]]/[[vomiting]]), coughing blood, and abdominal pain. | |||
==Less Common Symptoms== | ==Less Common Symptoms== | ||
Rarely, [[maxilla]] may be affected by Zygomycosis. The lack of case reports regarding maxillofacial Zygomycosis lies in the rich vascularity of the maxillofacial areas preventing fungal infections, although this can be overcome by more prevalent fungi, bacteria or viruses such as those responsible for Zygomycosis. | Rarely, [[maxilla]] may be affected by Zygomycosis. The lack of case reports regarding maxillofacial Zygomycosis lies in the rich vascularity of the maxillofacial areas preventing fungal infections, although this can be overcome by more prevalent fungi, bacteria or viruses such as those responsible for Zygomycosis. | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
History
Zygomycosis frequently involves the sinuses, brain, or lungs as the sites of infection. Whilst orbitorhinocerebral Zygomycosis is the most common type of the disease, this infection can also manifest in the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and in other organ systems.
Common Symptoms
The clinical hallmark of Zygomycosis is vascular invasion resulting in thrombosis and tissue infarction/necrosis.
If rhinocerebral disease is the cause of the infection, symptoms may include unilateral, retro-orbital headache, facial pain, fevers, nasal stuffiness that progresses to black discharge, acute sinusitis, and eye swelling along with protrusion of eye orbit. In addition, affected skin may appear relatively normal during the earliest stages of infection. This skin quickly progresses to an erythemic (reddening, occasionally with edema) stage, before eventually turning black due to necrosis.[1] However, in other forms of Zygomycosis (such as pulmonary, cutaneous or disseminated Zygomycosis), symptoms may also include dyspnea, persistent cough, hemoptysis (in cases of necrosis and nausea/vomiting), coughing blood, and abdominal pain.
Less Common Symptoms
Rarely, maxilla may be affected by Zygomycosis. The lack of case reports regarding maxillofacial Zygomycosis lies in the rich vascularity of the maxillofacial areas preventing fungal infections, although this can be overcome by more prevalent fungi, bacteria or viruses such as those responsible for Zygomycosis.
Basidiobolomycosis is usually a superficial infection of skin, but may very rarely cause lesions of the bowel or liver, mimicking bowel cancer,[2] or Crohn's disease.[3]
References
- ↑ Spellberg B, Edwards J, Ibrahim A (2005). "Novel perspectives on Zygomycosis: pathophysiology, presentation, and management". Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 18 (3): 556–69. doi:10.1128/CMR.18.3.556-569.2005. PMID 16020690. PMC 1195964
- ↑ Van den berk GEL, Noorduyn LA, van Ketel RJ; et al. (2006). "A fatal pseudo-tumour: disseminated basidiobolomycosis". BMC Infect Dis. 6: 140. doi:10.1186/1471-2334-6-140.
- ↑ Zavasky DM, Samowitz W, Loftus T, Segal H, Carroll K (1999). "Gastrointestinal zygomycotic infection caused by Basidiobolus ranarum: case report and review". Clin Infect Dis. 28 (6): 1244&ndash, 8.