Whipworm infection differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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{{Whipworm infection}}
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{AKI}} {{MMF}}


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==Overview==
Trichuriasis must be differentiated from other [[nematode]] infections, such as [[ascariasis]], [[Hookworm|hook worm infection]], and ''[[Strongyloides stercoralis]]'', that can present with [[diarrhea]] and [[abdominal pain]].
 
==Differential Diagnosis==
[[Trichuriasis]] must be differentiated from other [[nematode]] infections, such as [[ascariasis]], [[Hookworm|hook worm infection]], and [[Strongyloides stercoralis|''Strongyloides stercoralis'']] [[infection]], that can present with [[diarrhea]] and [[abdominal pain]].
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="8" |Differentiating Trichuriasis from other Nematode infections<ref name="Principles and Practice">Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.</ref><ref name="Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine">{{cite book |last1=Kim |first1=Kami |last2=Weiss |first2=Louis |last3=Tanowitz |first3=Herbert |title=Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine Sixth Edition |publisher=Elsevier |date=2016 |pages=682-698 |chapter=Chapter 39:Parasitic Infections |isbn=978-1-4557-3383-5}}</ref><ref name="pmid21879805">{{cite journal| author=Serpytis M, Seinin D| title=Fatal case of ectopic enterobiasis: Enterobius vermicularis in the kidneys. | journal=Scand J Urol Nephrol | year= 2012 | volume= 46 | issue= 1 | pages= 70-2 | pmid=21879805 | doi=10.3109/00365599.2011.609834 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21879805 }} </ref>
|-
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Infection
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Nematode
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Transmission
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Direct Person-Person Transmission
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Duration of Infection
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Pulmonary Manifestation
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Location of Adult worm(s)
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Treatment
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Trichuriasis]] (whipworm infection)
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Trichuris trichiura|''Trichuris trichiura'']]
([[whipworm]])
|Ingestion of infective [[ova]]
|No
|
* 1-3 years
|
* No [[pulmonary]] migration, therefore, no pulmonary manifestation
|Anchored in the superficial [[mucosa]] of [[cecum]] and [[colon]]
|
* [[Albendazole]]
 
* [[Mebendazole]]
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Strongyloidiasis]]
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Strongyloides stercoralis|''Strongyloides stercoralis'']]
|Filariform larvae penetrate [[skin]] or [[bowel]] [[mucosa]]
|Yes
|
* Lifetime of the host
|
* [[Löffler's syndrome]]
* Chronic [[cough]]
* [[Pneumonia]] or [[sepsis]] in hyperinfection
|Embedded in the mucosa of the [[duodenum]], [[jejunum]]
|
* [[Ivermectin]]
* [[Albendazole]]
* [[Thiabendazole]]
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ascariasis]]
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Ascaris lumbricoides|''Ascaris lumbricoides'']]
|Ingestion of infective [[ova]]
|No
|
* 1-2 years
|
* [[Löffler's syndrome]] (usually about 9-12 days after exposure to [[ova]])
* [[Cough]]
* [[Substernal pain|Substernal]] discomfort
* [[Crackles]]
* [[Wheezing]]
* Transient [[Opacity|opacities]]
|Free air in the [[lumen]] of the [[small bowel]]          ([[jejunum]])
|
* [[Albendazole]]
 
* [[Mebendazole]]
 
* [[Pyrantel pamoate]]
 
* [[Ivermectin]]
 
* [[Levamisole]]
 
* [[Piperazine]]
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Hookworm Infection|Hookworm infection]]
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Necator americanus|''Necator americanus'']] and [[Ancylostoma duodenale|''Ancylostoma duodenale'']]
|[[Skin]] penetration by filariform larvae
|No
|
* 3-5 years (''[[Necator americanus|Necator]]'')
* 1 year (''[[Ancylostoma]]'')
|
* [[Löffler's syndrome]]
* Transient opacities
|Attached to the [[mucosa]] of mid-upper portion of the [[small bowel]]
|
* [[Albendazole]]
 
* [[Mebendazole]]
 
* [[Levamisole]]
 
* [[Pyrantel pamoate]]
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |[[Enterobiasis]]
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" |''[[Enterobius vermicularis]]''
([[pinworm]])
|Ingestion of infective [[ova]]
|Yes
|
* 1 month
|
* Extraintestinal migration is very rare
|Free air in the lumen of [[cecum]], [[appendix]], adjacent [[colon]]
|
* [[Albendazole]]
* [[Mebendazole]]
* [[Pyrantel pamoate]]
* [[Ivermectin]]
* [[Levamisole]]
* [[Piperazine]]
|}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


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Latest revision as of 00:45, 30 July 2020

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[2] Furqan M M. M.B.B.S[3]

Overview

Trichuriasis must be differentiated from other nematode infections, such as ascariasis, hook worm infection, and Strongyloides stercoralis, that can present with diarrhea and abdominal pain.

Differential Diagnosis

Trichuriasis must be differentiated from other nematode infections, such as ascariasis, hook worm infection, and Strongyloides stercoralis infection, that can present with diarrhea and abdominal pain.

Differentiating Trichuriasis from other Nematode infections[1][2][3]
Infection Nematode Transmission Direct Person-Person Transmission Duration of Infection Pulmonary Manifestation Location of Adult worm(s) Treatment
Trichuriasis (whipworm infection) Trichuris trichiura

(whipworm)

Ingestion of infective ova No
  • 1-3 years
  • No pulmonary migration, therefore, no pulmonary manifestation
 Anchored in the superficial mucosa of cecum and colon
Strongyloidiasis Strongyloides stercoralis Filariform larvae penetrate skin or bowel mucosa Yes
  • Lifetime of the host
 Embedded in the mucosa of the duodenum, jejunum
Ascariasis Ascaris lumbricoides Ingestion of infective ova No
  • 1-2 years
 Free air in the lumen of the small bowel (jejunum)
Hookworm infection Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale Skin penetration by filariform larvae No Attached to the mucosa of mid-upper portion of the small bowel
Enterobiasis Enterobius vermicularis

(pinworm)

Ingestion of infective ova Yes
  • 1 month
  • Extraintestinal migration is very rare
 Free air in the lumen of cecum, appendix, adjacent colon

References

  1. ↑ Durand, Marlene (2015). "Chapter 288:Intestinal Nematodes (Roundworms)". Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases Updated Edition, Eighth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 3199–3207. ISBN 978-1-4557-4801-3.
  2. ↑ Kim, Kami; Weiss, Louis; Tanowitz, Herbert (2016). "Chapter 39:Parasitic Infections". Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine Sixth Edition. Elsevier. pp. 682–698. ISBN 978-1-4557-3383-5.
  3. ↑ Serpytis M, Seinin D (2012). "Fatal case of ectopic enterobiasis: Enterobius vermicularis in the kidneys". Scand J Urol Nephrol. 46 (1): 70–2. doi:10.3109/00365599.2011.609834. PMID 21879805.

Template:WH Template:WS

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