Urethral cancer risk factors: Difference between revisions

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{{Urethral cancer}}
{{Urethral cancer}}
{{CMG}};{{AE}}{{Vbe}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{Vbe}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
Common [[risk factors]] in the development of [[urethral]] [[cancer]] are [[History and Physical examination|history]] of [[bladder cancer]], [[urinary tract infections]], and [[sexually transmitted diseases]].
Common [[risk factors]] in the development of urethral cancer are [[History and Physical examination|history]] of [[bladder cancer]], [[urinary tract infections]], and [[sexually transmitted diseases]].


==Risk Factors:==  
==Risk Factors:==  
[[Risk-benefit analysis|Risk]] [[Factors 2a|factors]] for [[urethral]] [[cancer]] include the following:
[[Risk-benefit analysis|Risk]] [[Factors 2a|factors]] for [[urethral]] [[cancer]] include the following:<ref name="pmid29071155">{{cite journal |vauthors=Elawdy MM, Osman Y, Taha DE, Zahran MH, El-Halwagy S, Garba ME, Harraz AM |title=Risk factors and prognosis of intravesical recurrence after surgical management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A 30-year single centre experience |journal=Arab J Urol |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=216–222 |date=September 2017 |pmid=29071155 |pmc=5651950 |doi=10.1016/j.aju.2017.03.006 |url=}}</ref>


* Personal [[History and Physical examination|history]] of [[bladder cancer]].
* Personal [[History and Physical examination|history]] of [[bladder cancer]].
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:* [[Sexually transmitted diseases]] (STDs), including [[human papillomavirus]] (especially HPV type 16)
:* [[Sexually transmitted diseases]] (STDs), including [[human papillomavirus]] (especially HPV type 16)
:* Frequent [[urinary tract infections]] (UTIs)
:* Frequent [[urinary tract infections]] (UTIs)
:* White female
:* Age 60


==References==
==References==
<ref name="pmid29071155">{{cite journal |vauthors=Elawdy MM, Osman Y, Taha DE, Zahran MH, El-Halwagy S, Garba ME, Harraz AM |title=Risk factors and prognosis of intravesical recurrence after surgical management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A 30-year single centre experience |journal=Arab J Urol |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=216–222 |date=September 2017 |pmid=29071155 |pmc=5651950 |doi=10.1016/j.aju.2017.03.006 |url=}}</ref>
 
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}



Latest revision as of 16:56, 22 January 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of urethral cancer are history of bladder cancer, urinary tract infections, and sexually transmitted diseases.

Risk Factors:

Risk factors for urethral cancer include the following:[1]

References

  1. Elawdy MM, Osman Y, Taha DE, Zahran MH, El-Halwagy S, Garba ME, Harraz AM (September 2017). "Risk factors and prognosis of intravesical recurrence after surgical management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A 30-year single centre experience". Arab J Urol. 15 (3): 216–222. doi:10.1016/j.aju.2017.03.006. PMC 5651950. PMID 29071155.