Urethral cancer pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Urethral cancer is a rare disease. The pathophysiology of urethral cancer depends on the histological subtypes.

Pathogenesis

Mucous cells in the urethra have the ability to turnover rapidly. It has been suggested that defect in DNA repair mechanism may cause urethral cancer.

Chronic inflammation and strictures: May happen after any surgery on urethra like urethroplasty [1].

Infection: sexually transmitted diseases like HPV type 16 [2].

External radiation therapy [3].

Urethral diverticula in female [4].

Other: Arsenic ingestion

Genetics

Gross Pathology

Microscopic Pathology

The microscopic view of urethral cancer is depended on the location of teh cancer. The type of the cancer in the distal part of the urethra is usually squamous cell. [5]

References

  1. Colapinto V, Evans DH (October 1977). "Primary carcinoma of the male urethra developing after urethroplasty for stricture". J. Urol. 118 (4): 581–4. PMID 916053.
  2. Cupp MR, Malek RS, Goellner JR, Espy MJ, Smith TF (October 1996). "Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in primary squamous cell carcinoma of the male urethra". Urology. 48 (4): 551–5. doi:10.1016/S0090-4295(96)00246-4. PMID 8886059.
  3. Mohan H, Bal A, Punia RP, Bawa AS (February 2003). "Squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate". Int. J. Urol. 10 (2): 114–6. PMID 12588611.
  4. Ahmed K, Dasgupta R, Vats A, Nagpal K, Ashrafian H, Kaj B, Athanasiou T, Dasgupta P, Khan MS (June 2010). "Urethral diverticular carcinoma: an overview of current trends in diagnosis and management". Int Urol Nephrol. 42 (2): 331–41. doi:10.1007/s11255-009-9618-x. PMID 19649767.
  5. Grivas PD, Davenport M, Montie JE, Kunju LP, Feng F, Weizer AZ (December 2012). "Urethral cancer". Hematol. Oncol. Clin. North Am. 26 (6): 1291–314. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2012.08.006. PMID 23116581.
  6. Cantiello F, Cicione A, Salonia A, Autorino R, Tucci L, Madeo I, Damiano R (May 2013). "Periurethral fibrosis secondary to prostatic inflammation causing lower urinary tract symptoms: a prospective cohort study". Urology. 81 (5): 1018–23. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2013.01.053. PMID 23608423.