Trichinosis natural history, complications, and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Danitza Lukac

Overview

If left untreated, infected patients develop manifestations within 1-2 days of infection. Infected patients with trichinosis may progress to develop periorbital edema, muscle pain, and fever.[1] [2] Complications of trichinosis affect the cardiovascular, neurological, ocular, respiratory, and digestive systems.[3] Most people with trichinosis have no symptoms, the infection is usually self-limited. The prognosis of trichinosis is good with adequate treatment.[4]

Natural History

  • Trichinosis is usually self-limited, and the majority of individuals with trichinosis are asymptomatic.
  • The symptoms vary depending on the phase, species of Trichinella, amount of encysted larvae ingested, age, gender, and host immunity.
  • Patients infected by 10 or less larvae have either minor or no symptoms and no complications.

Enteral/Intestinal phase:

Parenteral/muscle phase:

Complications

Common complications of trichinosis include:

Cardiovascular:

Neurological:

Prognosis

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Gottstein B, Pozio E, Nöckler K (2009). "Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of trichinellosis". Clin Microbiol Rev. 22 (1): 127–45, Table of Contents. doi:10.1128/CMR.00026-08. PMC 2620635. PMID 19136437.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Trichinosis. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichinosis. Accessed on January 22, 2016
  3. 3.0 3.1 FAO/WHO/OIE Guidelines for the surveillance, management, prevention and control of trichinellosis. FAO (2007). http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/61e00fb1-87e8-5b89-8be1-50481e43eed1/ Accessed on January 28, 2016
  4. Trichinosis. MedlinePlus. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000631.htm Accessed on January 28, 2016

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