Trichinosis natural history, complications, and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Danitza Lukac

Overview

Complications

• Cardiovascular:
  • Heart failure
  • Heart rhythm problems (arrhythmias) from heart inflammation (myocarditis)
  • Thromboembolic disease
    • Deep thrombophlebitis
    • Intraventricular thrombi
    • Pulmonary embolism
  • Paroxysmal tachycardia
  • Pericardial effusion
• Neurological:
  • Encephalophalitis
  • Neuromuscular disturbances:
    • Decreased muscular strength and tendon reflexes
    • Dysphagia
    • Trismus
• Ocular:
  • Edema and vascular lesions within the conjunctiva, uvea, retina, and, in some cases, the optic nerve
  • Pain when moving the eyeballs
  • Muscle paralysis
  • Diplopia
  • Disturbed accommodation
• Respiratory:
  • Dyspnea
  • Pneumonia
  • obstructive bronchitis
  • Löffler-type infiltrates or ventilature failures
• Digestive:
  • Hypoalbuminemia
  • Acute intestinal necrosis
  • Prolonged diarrhoea

Prognosis

Most people with trichinosis have no symptoms and the infection goes away by itself. More severe infections may be more difficult to treat, especially if the lungs, the heart, or the brain is involved.