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{{Tremor}}
{{Tremor}}
{{CMG}};{{AE}} [[User:Naresh Mullaguri|Naresh Mullaguri, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:mullaguri.nari@gmail.com]
{{CMG}};{{AE}} {{ZMalik}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
Tremor<ref name="pmid22772877">{{cite journal |author=Zeuner KE, Deuschl G |title=An update on tremors |journal=Curr. Opin. Neurol. |volume=25 |issue=4 |pages=475–82 |year=2012 |month=August |pmid=22772877 |doi=10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283550c7e |url=}}</ref> is generally caused by problems in parts of the brain or spinal cord that control muscles throughout the body or in particular areas, such as the hands. Neurological disorders or conditions that can produce tremor include [[multiple sclerosis]], [[stroke]], [[traumatic brain injury]] and [[neurodegenerative disease]]s that damage or destroy parts of the [[brainstem]] or the [[cerebellum]]. Other causes include the use of some drugs (such as [[amphetamine]]s, [[caffeine]], [[corticosteroid]]s, and drugs used for certain psychiatric disorders), alcohol abuse or withdrawal, [[mercury poisoning]], overactive [[thyroid]] or [[liver failure]]. Tremors can be an indication of [[hypoglycemia]], along with palpitations, sweating and anxiety. <!-- Biochemistry 3rd ed. Lippinscott illustrated reviews. Champe, Harvey, Ferrier. 2005 (for the last sentence) -->
Common causes of tremor in primary care include enhanced [[physiologic tremor]], [[essential tremor]], and [[Parkinson’s disease]].
Tremor can also be caused from lack of [[sleep]], [[vitamin]]s, or having too much [[stress]].
Deficiencies of magnesium and [[vitamin B1]] have also been known to cause tremor or shaking which resolves when the deficiency is corrected. See [[magnesium in biology]].
Some forms of tremor are inherited and run in families, while others have no known cause. Tremors can also be caused by some spider bites i.e. the redback spider of Australia.


Tremor can result from other conditions as well. [[Alcoholism]], excessive alcohol consumption, or alcohol withdrawal can kill certain nerve cells, resulting a tremor known as [[asterixis]]. Conversely, small amounts of alcohol may help to decrease familial and essential tremor, but the mechanism behind this is unknown. Tremor in [[peripheral neuropathy]] may occur when the nerves that supply the body’s muscles are traumatized by injury, disease, abnormality in the central nervous system, or as the result of systemic illnesses. Peripheral neuropathy can affect the whole body or certain areas, such as the hands, and may be progressive. Resulting sensory loss may be seen as a tremor or ataxia (inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movement) of the affected limbs and problems with gait and balance. Clinical characteristics may be similar to those seen in patients with essential tremor.
==Causes==
==Causes==
=== Common Causes===


===Common Causes===
Common [[causes]] include: <ref name="pmid21321834">{{cite journal| author=Puschmann A, Wszolek ZK| title=Diagnosis and treatment of common forms of tremor. | journal=Semin Neurol | year= 2011 | volume= 31 | issue= 1 | pages= 65-77 | pmid=21321834 | doi=10.1055/s-0031-1271312 | pmc=3907068 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21321834  }} </ref><ref name="pmid14596441">{{cite journal| author=Smaga S| title=Tremor. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2003 | volume= 68 | issue= 8 | pages= 1545-52 | pmid=14596441 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14596441  }} </ref>
*Enhanced [[physiologic tremor]]
*[[Essential tremor]]
*[[Essential tremor]]
 
*[[Parkinson’s disease]]
*Excessive [[caffeine]]
*[[Psychogenic]] due to [[stress]],[[anxiety]], and [[depression]]
*[[Hypoglycemia]]
*[[Fatigue]]
*[[Aging]]
===Less Common Causes===
Less common cause include:<ref name="EliasShah2014">{{cite journal|last1=Elias|first1=W. Jeffrey|last2=Shah|first2=Binit B.|title=Tremor|journal=JAMA|volume=311|issue=9|year=2014|pages=948|issn=0098-7484|doi=10.1001/jama.2014.1397}}</ref>
*[[Wilson's disease]]
*[[Multiple sclerosis]]
*[[Alcohol]] [[withdrawal]] tremor
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]
 
*[[Mercury]] [[poisoning]]
*[[Alcoholism]]
*[[Liver]] or [[kidney failure]]
 
*[[Drug]] Induced Tremors
*[[Parkinson's disease]]
*[[Orthostatic]] tremor
 
*As a drug side effect of [[salbutamol]], [[haloperidol]], [[Theophylline]], [[lidocaine]] and [[lithium toxicity]]
 
*Tremor from neurological disorders like [[cerebrovascular accident]], [[multiple sclerosis]], [[peripheral neuropathy]], [[pick's disease]], [[alzheimer's disease]], [[frontotemporal dementia]] and cerebellar diseases
 
*[[Senile]] tremor
 
*Diseases affecting extra-pyramidal nuclei of the brain like [[wilson's disease]], [[huntington's disease]]
 
*Organophosphorous poisoning
 
*[[Mercury]], [[lead]], [[arsenic]] and [[nicotine]] poisoning
 
*[[Anxiety]]
*[[Caffeine]] and stimulant drug abuse
 
=== Causes by Organ System===
 
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
 
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
 
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| 2,4-Dichlorophenol, 3-Aminopyridine, [[4-Aminopyridine]], Acetylene Dichloride, Acidic dry cell batteries, [[Acrylamide]], Agrocide, Agronexit, [[Alcohol]], [[Amidithion]],[[Amiton]], Aparasin, Aphtiria, [[Arsenic poisoning]], [[Athyl-gusathion]], [[Atropine]], [[Azinfos-methyl]], [[Azinfosethyl]], [[Azinophos-methyl]], [[Azinphos]], [[Azinphos-ethyl]],[[Azinphos-methyl]], [[Azinphosmetile]], [[Azothoate]], Benhexol, [[Benoxafos]], Bexol, [[Biphenyl]], [[Bromide]], [[Bromoform]], [[Bromophos]], [[Bromophos-ethyl]], [[Cadusafos]], Caffeine poisoning, [[Carbinoxamine]], [[Carbon disulfide]], [[Carbon tetrachloride]], [[Carbophenothion]], [[Chlordane]], Chlordecone,  Chloresene, [[Chlorfenvinphos]], [[Chloromethane]], [[Chloropyrifos]], [[Chlorpyrifos methyl]], [[Cresols]], [[Cresylic acid]], [[Cyanthoate]],[[Phenothrin]], [[DDD]], [[DDT]], [[Demeton]], [[Demeton-methyl]], [[Demeton-O]], [[Demeton-O-methyl]], [[Demeton-S-methyl]], [[Demeton-S-methylsulphon]], [[Dialifos]], [[Diazinon]], [[Diborane]], [[Dichlorvos]], [[Dimethoate]], [[Dioxathion]], Diquat dibromide, [[Disulfiram]][[Disulfoton]], [[Endosulfan]], [[Endothion]], [[Epichlorohydrin]], [[Ethion]], [[Ethoate-methyl]], [[Ethoprophos]], Ethyl mercaptan, [[Ethyl-guthion]], [[Ethylbenzene]], [[Ethylene Dichloride]], [[Etrimfos]], [[Fenchlorphos]], [[Fenitrothion]], [[Fensulfothion]], [[Fenthion]], [[Fipronil]], Fluoridated toothpaste, [[Fonophos]], Food additives - MSG, salicylate, sulfite, [[Formothion]], [[Gasoline]], [[Glaze]], [[Glufosinate]], [[Glycol ether]], [[Guthion (ethyl)]], [[Heptachlor]], [[Heptenophos]], [[Iodofenphos]], [[Ivermectin]], [[Lead]], [[Lindane]], Lobelia poisoning, [[Malathion]], [[Manganese]], [[Mecarbam]], [[Metaldehyde]], [[Methacrifos]], [[Methamidophos]], [[Methidathion]], [[Methylene chloride]], [[Metiltriazotion]], [[Mevinphos]], [[Mercury poisoning]], Mescal poisoning, [[Minamata disease]], [[Monocrotophos]], Monosodium methanarsenate, [[Nicotine poisoning]], [[Organophosphate insecticide poisoning]], [[Omethoate]], [[Oxazepam]], [[Oxydeprofos]], [[Oxydisulfoton]], [[Parathion]], [[Parathion Methyl]], [[Phenkapton]], [[Phenol]], [[Phorate]], [[Phosalone]], [[Phosmet]], [[Phosphamidon]], [[Phosphine]], [[Phoxim]], [[Pirimiphos-methyl]], [[Primiphos methyl]], [[Prothidathion]], [[Prothoate]], [[Pyrethrin]], [[Pyrimitate]], [[Quinalphos]], [[Quintiofos]], [[RDX]], [[Rotenone]], [[Selenium]] poisoning,  Sea Hare poisoning, [[Sophamide]], [[Sulfotep]], [[Sulfuryl Fluoride]], [[Terbufos]], [[Tetrachloroethane]], [[Thallium]], [[Thallium Sulfate]], [[Thiometon]], [[Tolclofos methyl]], [[Toxaphene]], [[Triazophos]], [[Triazotion]], [[Trichloroethylene]], [[Trifenfos]], Tubatoxin poisoning, [[Vamidothion]], [[Wilson's disease]]
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Dermatologic'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amiodarone]], [[Amphetamine]], [[Ciclosporin]], [[clozapine]], [[caspofungin acetate]], [[Disulfiram ]], [[Dobutamine]], [[Dopamine]], [[Dopexamine]], [[Ephedrine]], [[Epinephrine]], [[Febuxostat]], [[Fluvoxamine]], [[Glipizide]], [[Haloperidol]]<ref name="pmid22728308">{{cite journal |author=Collins-Praino LE, Podurgiel SJ, Kovner R, Randall PA, Salamone JD |title=Extracellular GABA in globus pallidus increases during the induction of oral tremor by haloperidol but not by muscarinic receptor stimulation |journal=Behav. Brain Res. |volume=234 |issue=1 |pages=129–35 |year=2012 |month=September |pmid=22728308 |doi=10.1016/j.bbr.2012.06.011 |url=}}</ref>, Margosa oil, [[Black Cohosh]], [[Peppermint]] oil, Sabah vegetable, [[Isoprenaline]], [[Ivermectin]], [[Levalbuterol]], [[Lidocaine]]<ref name="pmid22749556">{{cite journal |author=Diaz J, Bernasinski M, Malinovsky JM |title=[Reversal of neurologic symptoms related to lidocaine toxicity with a lipid emulsion administration] |language=French |journal=Ann Fr Anesth Reanim |volume=31 |issue=7-8 |pages=647 |year=2012 |pmid=22749556 |doi=10.1016/j.annfar.2012.05.001 |url=}}</ref>, [[Nalmefene]],  [[Norepinephrine]], [[Orphenadrine]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Paroxetine]], [[Phentermine]], [[Pentamidine Isethionate]], [[Phenylephrine]], [[Pilocarpine]], [[Rifaximin]], [[Rizatriptan]], [[Reproterol]], [[Salbutamol]], [[Tacrolimus]], [[Terbutaline]], [[Trifluperidol]], [[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]], [[Valproic acid]], [[Venlafaxine]], [[Thalidomide]], [[Xamoterol]]
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Endocrine'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal adenoma]], [[Adrenal cancer]], [[Adrenal incidentaloma]], [[Adrenal tumor]], [[Diabetes insipidus]], [[Diabetes mellitus]], High T4 syndrome, [[Hyperadrenalism]], [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[Toxic multinodular goiter]], [[Pheochromocytoma]], [[Pituitary tumors]]
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Environmental'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Minamata disease]]
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cirrhosis of liver]]
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Genetic'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| Chromosome 20p, partial duplication, [[Friedreich ataxia]], [[Huntington's Disease]], [[Mental retardation]] X-linked Cabezas type
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Hematologic'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Chediak-Higashi syndrome]]
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Iatrogenic'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Neuroleptic malignant syndrome]], [[Serotonin Syndrome]], [[Ureterosigmoidostomy]]
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Infectious Disease'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| Central Nervous system protozoal infections like [[Toxoplasmosis]], [[Sleeping sickness (East african)]], [[Sleeping sickness (West african)]], [[Meningoencephalitis]], [[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ]], [[Krabbe leukodystrophy]], [[Neurosyphilis]], [[Ramsay Hunt syndrome]]
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| Amish nemaline [[myopathy]]
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Neurologic'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration, Alcoholic [[intoxication]], [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Amyloidosis, oculoleptomeningeal ]], Aniridia cerebellar ataxia mental deficiency, [[Anxiety]], [[Basal ganglia calcification]], Benign [[essential tremor]], [[Bovine spongiform encephalopathy]], Brain Fag syndrome, Central nervous system protozoal infections, Cerebellar degeneration, Cerebellar disease, [[Cerebrovascular accident]], [[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]], [[Dementia With Lewy Bodies]], Diencephalic syndrome, Drug-induced parkinsonism, Dystonia 1, torsion, autosomal dominant, Dystonia musculorum deformans, [[Dystonia]], [[Essential tremor]], [[Fatal familial insomnia]], [[Friedreich ataxia]], [[Frontotemporal dementia]], [[Huntington's Disease]], Idiopathic dystonia DYT1, [[Parkinson's disease]], [[Krabbe leukodystrophy]], Leukoencephalopathy -- metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, [[Meningoencephalitis]], Mental retardation, X-linked, Cabezas type, [[Metabolic encephalopathy]], [[Metachromatic leukodystrophy]], [[Multiple sclerosis]]<ref name="pmid22698481">{{cite journal |author=Karmon Y, Morrow SA, Weinstock A, Hojnacki D, Weinstock-Guttman B |title=Limb ataxia originating from peri-central sulcus demyelinating lesion in multiple sclerosis |journal=J. Neurol. Sci. |volume=320 |issue=1-2 |pages=136–40 |year=2012 |month=September |pmid=22698481 |doi=10.1016/j.jns.2012.05.039 |url=}}</ref>, [[Multiple system atrophy]], [[Myoclonic epilepsy]] benign, Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease, [[Neurosyphilis]], Normokalemic [[periodic paralysis]], [[Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy]], Oppenheim's dystonia, Pallidopyramidal syndrome, [[Parkinsonism]], [[Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease]], [[Pick's disease of the brain]], Spastic paraparesis deafness, [[Spinocerebellar ataxia]]
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arginase deficiency]], [[Fucosidosis]], [[Ceroid lipofuscinosis]], [[Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency]], [[Methylmalonic acidemia]] with [[homocystinuria]], Motor and cognitive disorder due to sepiapterin reductase deficiency, [[Mucolipidosis]], [[Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency]], [[Sialidosis]], [[Uraemia]], [[Vitamin B1 deficiency]]
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Oncologic'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal adenoma]], [[Pituitary tumors]], [[Pheochromocytoma]], [[Adrenal incidentaloma]]
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Opthalmologic'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Optic atrophy]]
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dexedrine]], [[Methamphetamine]], [[Lithium toxicity]]<ref name="pmid22508354">{{cite journal |author=Bogers CH, Boshuisen ML, Kok JS, Knegtering H |title=[Neurotoxicity in elderly patients being treated with lithium: is there a reason to adjust the dosage administered?] |language=Dutch; Flemish |journal=Tijdschr Psychiatr |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=359–69 |year=2012 |pmid=22508354 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Psychiatric'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hysteria]], [[Anxiety]], Psychogenic movement disorders
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Pulmonary'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Respiratory failure]]
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypoglycemia]], [[Hypomagnesemia]], Normokalemic [[periodic paralysis]]
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Sexual'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Trauma'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Urologic'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Dental'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
 
|-
 
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
 
| '''Miscellaneous'''
 
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Shy-Drager syndrome]], [[Senile]], Roussy-Levy syndrome, Salvioli syndrome, [[Wolfram syndrome]], Primary orthostatic tremor<ref name="pmid22764256">{{cite journal |author=Virmani T, Louis ED, Waters C, Pullman SL |title=Familial orthostatic tremor: an additional report in siblings |journal=Neurology |volume=79 |issue=3 |pages=288–9 |year=2012 |month=July |pmid=22764256 |doi=10.1212/WNL.0b013e31825fdfb3 |url=}}</ref>, Physiologic tremor, Lindsay-Burn syndrome, Lhermitte-McAlpine syndrome, [[Kennedy's disease]], [[Hypothermia]], [[Da Costa's syndrome]], Combarros Calleja Leno syndrome, [[Cockayne syndrome]]
 
|-
 
|}
 
=== Causes in Alphabetical Order ===
{{MultiCol}}
*2,4-Dichlorophenol
 
*3-Aminopyridine
 
*[[4-Aminopyridine ]]
 
*Acetylene dichloride
 
*Acidic dry cell batteries inhalation  poisoning
 
*[[Acrylamide]]
 
*[[xylene]]
 
*[[Adrenal adenoma]],familial
 
*[[Adrenal cancer ]]
 
*[[Adrenal incidentaloma ]]
 
*[[Adrenal tumor]]
 
*Agrocide
 
*Agronexit
 
*[[Alcohol withdrawal syndrome]]
 
*[[Alcohol]]
 
*Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration
 
*Alcohol intoxication
 
*Alcohol-induced disorders
 
*[[Alzheimer's disease]]
 
*[[Amidithion ]]
 
*[[Amiodarone]]
 
*Amish nemaline [[myopathy]]
 
*[[Amiton ]]
 
*[[Amphetamine]] abuse
 
*[[Amyloidosis, oculoleptomeningeal ]]
 
*Aniridia cerebellar ataxia mental  deficiency
 
*[[Anxiety]]
 
*Aparasin
 
*Aphtiria
 
*[[Arginase deficiency]]
 
*[[Arsenic poisoning]]
 
*[[Athyl-Gusathion]]
 
*[[Azinfosethyl]]
 
*[[Azinfos-methyl]]
 
*[[Azinophos-methyl]]
 
*[[Azinphos]]
 
*[[Azinphos-ethyl]]
 
*[[Azinphos-methyl]]
 
*[[Azinphosmetile]]
 
*[[Azothoate]]
 
*Basal ganglia calcification,  idiopathic 1
 
*Ben-Hex
 
*Benhexol
 
*[[Benign essential tremor syndrome]]
 
*Benign [[essential tremor]]
 
*[[Benoxafos]]
 
*Bexol
 
*[[Biphenyl ]]
 
*[[Black Cohosh]] overdose
 
*[[Bovine spongiform encephalopathy]]
 
*Brain Fag syndrome
 
*[[Bromide ]]
 
*[[Bromoform ]]
 
*[[Bromophos ]]
 
*[[Bromophos-ethyl ]]
 
*[[Cadusafos ]]
 
*Caffeine overdose
 
*[[Carbamate insecticide poisoning ]]
 
*[[Carbinoxamine ]]
 
*[[Carbon disulfide ]]
 
*[[Carbon tetrachloride ]]
 
*[[Carbophenothion ]]
 
*Central nervous system protozoal  infections
 
*Cerebellar degeneration
 
*Cerebellar disease
 
*[[Cerebrovascular accident]]
 
*[[Ceroid lipofuscinosis]], neuronal 6,  late infantile
 
*[[Chediak-Higashi disease]]
 
*[[Chlordane ]]
 
*Chlordecone
 
*Chloresene
 
*[[Chlorfenvinphos ]]
 
*[[Chloromethane ]]
 
*[[Chloropyrifos ]]
 
*[[Chlorpyrifos methyl]]
{{ColBreak}}
*Chromosome 20p, partial duplication
 
*[[Cirrhosis of liver]]
 
*[[Cockayne syndrome ]]
 
*Combarros Calleja Leno syndrome
 
*[[Cresols ]]
 
*[[Cresylic acid ]]
 
*[[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ]]
 
*[[Cyanthoate ]]
 
*[[Cyclosporin]]
 
*[[Da Costa's syndrome]]
 
*[[DDD ]]
 
*[[DDT ]]
 
*[[Dementia With Lewy Bodies]]
 
*[[Demeton ]]
 
*[[Demeton-methyl ]]
 
*[[Demeton-O ]]
 
*[[Demeton-O-methyl ]]
 
*[[Demeton-S-methyl ]]
 
*[[Demeton-S-methylsulphon ]]
 
*[[Dexedrine overdose]]
 
*[[Diabetes insipidus]], [[diabetes mellitus]],[[optic atrophy]]
 
*[[Dialifos ]]
 
*[[Diazinon ]]
 
*[[Diborane ]]
 
*[[Dichlorvos ]]
 
*Diencephalic syndrome
 
*[[Dimethoate ]]
 
*[[Dioxathion ]]
 
*Diquat dibromide
 
*Discontinuation syndrome
 
*[[Disulfiram ]]
 
*[[Disulfoton ]]
 
*[[Dobutamine]]
 
*[[Dopamine]]
 
*[[Dopexamine]]
 
*d-Phenothrin
 
*[[Drug withdrawal]]
 
*Drug-induced parkinsonism
 
*Drug-induced tremor
 
*Dystonia musculorum deformans 1
 
*[[Dystonia]]
 
*[[Efavirenz]]
 
*[[Endosulfan ]]
 
*[[Endothion ]]
 
*[[Ephedrine]]
 
*[[Epichlorohydrin ]]
 
*[[Epinephrine]]
 
*[[Essential tremor]]
 
*[[Ethion ]]
 
*[[Ethoate-methyl ]]
 
*[[Ethoprophos ]]
 
*Ethyl mercaptan
 
*[[Ethylbenzene ]]
 
*[[Ethylene dichloride ]]
 
*[[Ethyl-guthion ]]
 
*[[Etrimfos ]]
 
*[[Fatal familial insomnia ]]
 
*[[Fenchlorphos ]]
 
*[[Fenitrothion ]]
 
*[[Fensulfothion ]]
 
*[[Fenthion ]]
 
*[[Fipronil ]]
 
*Fluoridated toothpaste
 
*[[Fonophos ]]
 
*Food additive adverse reaction- MSG, Salicylate, Sulfite
 
*[[Formothion ]]
 
*[[Friedreich ataxia ]]
 
*[[Frontotemporal dementia ]]
 
*[[Fucosidosis ]]
 
*[[Gasoline ]]
 
*[[Glaze ]]
 
*[[Glufosinate ]]
 
*[[Glycol ether]]
 
*[[Guthion (ethyl)]]
 
*[[Haloperidol]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Hepatic failure]]
 
*[[Heptachlor ]]
 
*[[Heptenophos ]]
 
*High T4 syndrome
 
*[[Holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency  ]]
 
*[[Huntington's disease ]]
 
*[[Hyperadrenalism ]]
 
*[[Hyperthyroidism]]
 
*[[Hypoglycaemia]]
 
*[[Hypomagnesemia]]
 
*[[Hypothermia]]
 
*[[Hysteria]]
 
*Idiopathic dystonia DYT1
 
*[[Iodofenphos ]]
 
*[[Isoprenaline]]
 
*[[Kennedy's disease]]
 
*[[Krabbe leukodystrophy ]]
 
*[[Lead]]
 
*Leukoencephalopathy -- metaphyseal  chondrodysplasia
 
*Lhermitte-McAlpine syndrome
 
*[[Lidocaine]]
 
*[[Lindane ]]
 
*Lindsay-Burn syndrome
 
*[[Lithium toxicity]]
 
*[[Liver failure]]
 
*Lobelia poisoning
 
*[[Malathion ]]
 
*[[Manganese ]]
 
*Margosa oil overdose
 
*[[Mecarbam ]]
 
*[[Meningoencephalitis]]
 
*Mental retardation, X-linked, Cabezas  type
 
*[[Mercury poisoning ]]
 
*[[Mercury]]
 
*Mescal poisoning
 
*[[Metabolic encephalopathy ]]
 
*[[Metachromatic leukodystrophy ]]
 
*[[Metaldehyde ]]
 
*[[Metaraminol]]
 
*[[Methacrifos ]]
 
*[[Methamidophos ]]
 
*[[Methamphetamine overdose ]]
 
*[[Methidathion ]]
 
*[[Methoxamine]]
 
*[[Methylene chloride ]]
 
*[[Methylmalonic acidemia]] with [[homocystinuria]]
 
*[[Metiltriazotion ]]
 
*[[Mevinphos ]]
 
*[[Minamata disease ]]
 
*[[Monocrotophos ]]
 
*Monosodium methanarsenate
 
*Motor and cognitive disorder due to  sepiapterin reductase deficiency
 
*[[Mucolipidosis]] type 1
 
*[[Multiple sclerosis ]]
 
*[[Multiple system atrophy]]
 
*[[Myoclonic epilepsy]] benign, adult, familial
 
*[[Neuroleptic malignant syndrome]]
 
*Neuronal intranuclear inclusion  disease
 
*[[Neurosyphilis]]
 
*[[Nicotine poisoning ]]
 
*[[Norepinephrine]]
 
*Normokalemic [[periodic paralysis ]]
 
*[[Olivopontocerebellar atrophy ]]
 
*[[Omethoate ]]
 
*Oppenheim's dystonia
 
*[[Optic atrophy]]
 
*[[Organophosphate insecticide poisoning]]
 
*[[Oxydeprofos ]]
 
*[[Oxydisulfoton ]]
 
*Pallidopyramidal syndrome
 
*[[Parathion ]]
 
*[[Parathion methyl ]]
 
*[[Parkinson's disease]]<ref name="pmid22919866">{{cite journal |author=Chemaly RE, Moussalli AS |title=Parkinsonian syndrome as a complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. Report of a case and review of the literature |journal=J Med Liban |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=103–5 |year=2012 |pmid=22919866 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Parkinsonism]]
 
*[[Paroxetine]]
 
*Pathologic tremor
 
*[[Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease ]]
 
*[[Peppermint]]  oil overdose
 
*[[Phenkapton ]]
 
*[[Phenol ]]
 
*[[Phenylephrine]]
 
*[[Pheochromocytoma ]]
 
*[[Phorate ]]
 
*[[Phosalone ]]
 
*[[Phosmet ]]
 
*[[Phosphamidon ]]
 
*[[Phosphine ]]
 
*[[Phoxim]]
 
*Physiologic tremor
 
*[[Pick's disease of the brain ]]
 
*[[Pirimiphos-methyl]]
 
*[[Pituitary tumor]], adult
 
*Primary orthostatic tremor
 
*[[Primiphos methyl]]
 
*[[Prothidathion]]
 
*[[Prothoate ]]
 
*Psychogenic movement disorders
 
*[[Purine nucleoside phosphorylase  deficiency ]]
 
*[[Pyrethrin]]
 
*[[Pyrimitate]]
 
*[[Quinalphos]]
 
*[[Quintiofos]]
 
*[[Ramsay Hunt syndrome]]
 
*[[RDX ]]
 
*[[Reproterol]]
 
*[[Respiratory failure]]
 
*[[Rotenone ]]
 
*Roussy-Levy syndrome
 
*Sabah vegetable overdose
 
*[[Salbutamol]]
 
*Salvioli syndrome
 
*Sea Hare poisoning
 
*Selenium poisoning
 
*[[Senile]]
 
*[[Serotonin syndrome ]]
 
*[[Shy-Drager syndrome]]
 
*[[Sialidosis]]
 
*[[Sleeping sickness (East African)]]
 
*[[Sleeping sickness (West African)]]
 
*[[Sophamide ]]
 
*Spastic paraparesis deafness
 
*[[Spinocerebellar ataxia]]
 
*[[Sulfotep ]]
 
*Sulfuryl fluoride
 
*[[Tacrolimus]]
 
*[[Terbufos ]]
 
*[[Terbutaline]]
 
*[[Tetrachloroethane]]
 
*[[Thallium ]]
 
*[[Thallium sulfate ]]
 
*[[Thiometon ]]
 
*[[Tolclofos methyl]]
 
*[[Toxaphene]]
 
*[[Toxic multinodular goiter]]
 
*[[Toxoplasmosis ]]
 
*[[Triazophos]]
 
*[[Triazotion ]]
 
*[[Trichloroethylene ]]
 
*[[Trifenfos ]]
 
*[[Trifluperidol]]
 
*Tubatoxin poisoning
 
*[[Uraemia]]
 
*[[Ureterosigmoidostomy]]
 
*[[Valganciclovir hydrochloride]]
 
*[[Valproic acid]]
 
*[[Vamidothion]]
 
*[[Vitamin B1 deficiency]]
 
*[[Wilson's disease ]]
 
*[[Wolfram syndrome]]
 
*[[Xamoterol]]
{{EndMultiCol}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Primary care]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Medicine]]

Latest revision as of 20:38, 18 February 2021

Tremor Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Common causes of tremor in primary care include enhanced physiologic tremor, essential tremor, and Parkinson’s disease.

Causes

Common Causes

Common causes include: [1][2]

Less Common Causes

Less common cause include:[3]

References

  1. ↑ Puschmann A, Wszolek ZK (2011). "Diagnosis and treatment of common forms of tremor". Semin Neurol. 31 (1): 65–77. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1271312. PMC 3907068. PMID 21321834.
  2. ↑ Smaga S (2003). "Tremor". Am Fam Physician. 68 (8): 1545–52. PMID 14596441.
  3. ↑ Elias, W. Jeffrey; Shah, Binit B. (2014). "Tremor". JAMA. 311 (9): 948. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.1397. ISSN 0098-7484.
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